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7 protocols using milrinone

1

Biochemical Compound Acquisition Protocol

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Silymarin and silibin were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; milrinone, rolipram, and IBMX were obtained from Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2

Evaluating Anti-seizure Drugs in Rats

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Rats implanted with ventral hippocampal electrodes and dorsal hippocampal optodes were used in these studies. Rats were reused for several drug experiments allowing at least two days between drug treatments. Celecoxib, SC-560, ibuprofen, chelerythrine chloride, milrinone, sildenafil, SKA-31, CAY-10526, seratrodast, ozagrel, paxilline, 2-APB, levetiracetam, and topiramate were obtained from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI). Acetaminophen, nifedipine, bumetanide, ethosuximide, phenytoin, and valproic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Lamotrigine was obtained from SelleckChem (Houston, TX). Fasudil was obtained from LC laboratories (Woburn, MA) and phenobarbital was obtained from Strathcona Prescription Center (Canada). Lipophilic drugs were dissolved in 100% DMSO, while hydrophilic drugs were dissolved in saline and injected 30 min prior to seizure induction. The seizure duration and severity of hypoxia (area below 10 mmHg) were compared across kindle (seizure without injection), vehicle-, and drug-treated groups using a within-subject ANOVA and follow-up t-test between vehicle- and drug-treated groups.
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3

Immunomodulatory Agents Protocol

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Pentoxifylline (PTX), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, LPS (E. coli 055:B5 serotype), incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA), and RPMI 1640 medium were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). ConA was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA). Porcine collagen type II (2 mg mL−1 in 0.05 M acetic acid) was obtained from Chondrex, Inc. (USA). Vinpocetine, EHNA, milrinone, zaprinast, and papaverine were purchased from Cayman Chemical (USA). (±)-LSF was obtained from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University (Krakow, Poland). GRMS-55 and 4-(8-((Furan-2-ylmethyl)amino)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-7-yl)-N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)butanehydrazide were obtained from the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and rolipram from the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College (Krakow, Poland). Temazepam was a gift from Polfa (Poland). Other reagents and solvents were of HPLC or analytical reagent grade and were purchased from Merck (Germany).
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4

Antibody Procurement for Cytoskeletal Research

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A rabbit polyclonal anti-KIF2A antibody was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Normal rabbit IgG was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, CA, USA). A rabbit polyclonal anti-SKA1 antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). A rabbit monoclonal anti-TACC3 antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Mouse monoclonal FITC-conjugated anti-α-tubulin antibody, TRITC-conjugated phalloidin, nocodazole and taxol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sheep polyclonal anti-BubR1 antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated donkey anti-sheep and donkey anti-rabbit antibodies were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). M2 medium was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Milrinone was obtained from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Mounting medium containing DAPI was obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit IgG and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG were obtained from Zhong Shan Jin Qiao Co. (Beijing, P. R. China). A mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection substrate was obtained from Xiamen Lulong Biotech Co. (Xiamen, P. R. China).
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5

Antibody Validation for Cellular Components

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A rabbit polyclonal anti-Axin-1 antibody was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Sheep polyclonal anti-BubR1 and rabbit polyclonal anti-Nek9 antibodies were from Abcam (Boston, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-γ-tubulin antibody, anti-α-tubulin FITC-tagged antibody, and TRITC-tagged anti-phalloidin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and donkey anti-sheep antibodies were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, USA). An Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated donkey anti-mouse antibody was purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, USA). Control rabbit IgG was purchased from Santa Cruz Biochemicals (Dallas, USA). Mounting medium containing DAPI was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, USA) and milrinone was purchased from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, USA).
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6

Parthenogenesis of Mouse Oocytes

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Mice were given 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; Ningbo Sansheng Pharmaceutical Company, China) intraperitoneally. After 48 h, the mice were killed and ovaries were removed. GV-intact oocytes were collected in M2 medium (Sigma, USA) and were cultured under paraffin oil in a 5% CO2, 95% air incubator. Oocytes to be blocked at the GV stage were cultured in M2 medium plus 2.5 mM milrinone (Cayman, USA), whereas those allowed to mature in vitro were cultured in fresh M2 medium for 8.5 or 12.5 hr. For parthenogenesis, in vitro matured MII oocytes were activated with 10 μM SrCl2 for 4–6 hours. The oocytes were then observed with light microscopy to observe the pronucleus; the activated eggs were then cultured in the KSOM medium to the 2-cell embryo stage.
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7

Vasoactive Compounds Experimental Setup

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6-nitrodopamine was bought from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Adrenaline, H-89, milrinone, norAdrenaline, tetrodotoxin, rolipram were purchased from Cayman Chemical Co (Michigan, USA). Cilostazol, dipyridamole, dopamine and reserpine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (St Louis, Missouri, USA). Sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH 2 PO 4 ) and glucose were acquired from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The composition of the KHS was in mM: NaCl 118, KCl 4.7, CaCl 2 2.5, MgSO 4 1.2, NaHCO 3 25, KH 2 PO 4 1.2 and dextrose 5.6.
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