Neomycin

Mannuronate oligosaccharides (MOS) were purchased from Qingdao BZ Oligo Biotech Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Potassium oxonate (PO), allopurinol, 0.5% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution, vancomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, neomycin, 2-ethylbutyric acid, acetic acid (Ace), propionic acid (Pro), butyric acid (But), isobutyric acid (Isobut), valeric acid (Val) and isovaleric acid (Isoval) were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Animal feeds were purchased from Trophic Animal Feed High-Tech Co., Ltd. (Nantong, China). Serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Elisa kits for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were purchased from Suzhou Calvin Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). The primers XOD, ADA, GLUT9, and URAT1 were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Protein antibodies URAT1, GLUT9, and ABCG2 were purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical quality.

A total of 120 1-day-old broilers (half female and half male) were randomly divided into four groups with 6 replicates per group: control, 2.5 mg/kg ZEN, microbial inhibition, and microbial inhibition +2.5 mg/kg ZEN. The two microbial inhibition groups received a basic diet containing streptomycin (1 g/kg, Biosharp, Shanghai, China), ampicillin (1 g/kg, Biosharp, Shanghai, China), and neomycin (1 g/kg, Yuanye, Shanghai, China) to clear intestinal bacteria [30 (link)]. ZEN and antibiotics were mixed in powdery feed using a stepwise dilution method. During the entire 3-week experimental period, broilers were reared in three-layer cages, the temperature was adjusted using a warm lamp, and water was supplied to the broiler chickens ad libitum. Ethical guidelines for animal protection rights were observed.