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8 protocols using leica dfc 500 camera

1

Quantifying Hippocampal Aβ and Tau Pathology

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Bright-field images were captured using a Leica DMRB microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany,) and a Leica DFC 500 camera (Leica) with a Leica PL Fluotar lens. The cerebral sections corresponded to the range of coordinates from Figure 43 (interarual 2.34 mm and Bregma −1.46 mm) to Figure 48 (interaural 1.74 mm and Bregma −2.06 mm) of The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates [44 ]. To quantify the percentage of immunoreactive 6E10 (Aβ) and HT7 (total tau protein) area, 2–3 sections of the hippocampus were used. This was so because previous studies indicate that scFvs penetrates and accumulates mainly in the periventricular areas, such as the hippocampus [45 (link),46 (link),47 ]. Moreover, intraneuronal Aβ and tau pathologies in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice have been directly related with impaired cognitive abilities [48 (link),49 (link)]. The percentage of immunoreactive area was calculated from binary images using the ImageJ software 1.8.0 (NIH, Bethesda, USA).
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2

BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interactions

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For the BiFC assay, 20 μg of each cYFP and nYFP protein fusion constructs (WRKY-cYFP, WRKY-nYFP, ARF-cYFP, ARF-nYFP and ARF5Δ722-cYFP) were transfected into mesophyll protoplasts using the PEG-calcium transfection method [71 (link)]. After incubation for 16–18 h in the dark at room temperature, protoplasts were inspected and images were taken using a confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica TCS SP5II, Leica Wetzlar, Germany).
Fluorescing plant cells and tissues were inspected and documented using an epifluorescence microscope (BZ 8000K, Biozero, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) and the software program (BZ observation application). For the inspection of intact plants, a dissecting microscope (Leica MZ6, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) was used and pictures of crown galls were taken using a Leica DFC500 camera (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).
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3

Confocal Microscopy Imaging Workflow

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All immunofluorescent images were captured on a Zeiss 710 confocal microscope system (Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany). Brightfield images were captured on a Leica M205 FA microscope with Leica DFC 500 camera (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Image processing was carried out in ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) and figure panels were created in Adobe Photoshop CS5 (Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA).
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4

Histological Analysis of Murine Tissue

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Mice were sacrificed with CO2 asphyxiation and cervical dislocation. Murine capsule (tissue) was harvested on day 15, day 30 and day 90 after placing the silicone implant and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight at 40 °C. The samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered solution/saline (PBS) overnight, washed twice with PBS and dehydrated in a 30% sucrose solution for 24 h. Samples were processed routinely and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut at 1 μm and 3 μm serially for histology staining. Sections were stained with toluidine blue, which has a high affinity for acidic tissue components, such as tissue rich in DNA and RNA. Standardized protocols were used for these stainings with no modifications. Each section was visualized under light microscopy at 5×, 10× and 20× (Leica microscope, Leica DM 4000B; Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, Ill) and photographed using the Leica DFC 500 camera (Leica, Allendale, NJ). Different cell and bacteria types were identified with the help of the aforementioned stain and through their morphology only. Histological sections were examined by a pathologist blinded to the study. Microscopic analyses were performed on ten different fields per slide, using three different slides per sample.
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5

Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence of Glcci1 Protein

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Rabbit polyclonal anti-Glcci1 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (HPA001674) and used at 1:200 dilution for IHC and IF. Citrate retrieval was necessary to detect the Glcci1 signal. Boiling citrate retrieval buffer was added to slides in a coplin jar and covered for 30–40 minutes at room temperature. IHC and IF were carried out using standard techniques as described previously (Waclaw et al., 2010 (link)). A tyramide amplification kit (Invitrogen-ThermoFisher Scientific) was used to detect the fluorescent Glcci1 signal. Goat polyclonal anti-Sp8 (Santa Cruz, 1:3000) and Guinea-Pig anti-Ascl1 (kind gift from J. Johnson at UT-Southwestern, 1:10,000) were used for fluorescent double stains with the rabbit anti-Glcci1 antibody. Secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson Immunoresearch (Cy3 or Cy5 conjugated Donkey-anti-Goat or Cy3 conjugated Donkey-anti-Guinea-Pig used at 1:200 dilution). Bright-field images were taken on a Leica DM2500 upright microscope with Leica DFC-500 camera using Leica acquisition software (Leica Microsytems). Fluorescent images were taken on a Nikon C2-Confocal Microscope using Nikon Elements software (Nikon Instruments Inc.).
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Compiling Entomological Collection Protocols

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In addition to the material from the 'Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure' , Universidade Federal do Paraná (DZUP), specimens were loaned from the following institutions and curators: MZUSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil -Dr. Carlos Roberto Brandão; RPSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil -Dr. Carlos Alberto Garófalo; AMNH, American Museum Natural of History, New York, USA -Dr. James M. Carpenter.
The terminology for the external morphology follows Bohart & Menke (1976) supplemented by Richards (1934) . The flagellomeres are referred as F1 to F10 in females and F1 to F11 in males. In the item 'Examined material' , all label data are transcribed, with information from each label presented between quotation marks, and the different lines in the label by a backslash (\). Specimens were photographed using a Leica DFC 500 camera attached to a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope. The images were treated using the software Auto-Montage Zerene Stacker (Zerene Systems LLC) and edited in Gimp 2.8.22 (GNU General Public License).
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7

Nissl Staining and Wide-Field Microscopy of Caldendrin Mouse Brain

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Nissl staining and wide field microscopy Adult male caldendrin +/+ and À/À mice were decapited, brains removed and shock frozen. Frontal sections of 40 mm thickness were cut on cryostat and thereafter stained according to Nissl using cresyl violet. Shortly, sections were acidified using 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4) for 5 min and then stain in 0.05% cresyl violet acetate solution for 10 min. Afterward sections were differentiated in 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4) for 3 min and dehydrated by passing through 50%, 70% and 96% ethanol for 2 min each. Sections were cleared in isopropanol:ethanol (2:1) solution 2 times for 5 min each and 3 times in xylol for 5 min each. Sections were mounted in Entellan (Millipore) onto glass objective slides. Microscopy images were taken on a Zeiss microscope equipped with 1.25x and 20x objective and Leica DFC 500 Camera using Leica LAS software v3.6 with constant exposure times between genotypes.
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8

Zebrafish Heart Imaging and Histology

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Zebrafish embryos were anaesthetized with 0.006% (v/v) Tricaine, placed dorsally on separate cavities of a glass slide (Marienfeld Superior, 10622434), mounted on 1,2% low-melting agarose and a drop of E3 embryonic water was added on top of semi-solidified mounting medium for maintenance of humidity. For in vivo imaging, fluorescent and brightfield videos of 10sec were recorded by microscope inverted Leica DMIRE2 with a mounted Hamamatsu ORCA-Flash4.0 camera. Confocal imaging was performed using a Leica TCS SP5 II on a DM 600 CFS Upright Microscope. The images were captured with the LAS AF software, analyzed in ImageJ Software and presented as maximum projection of a set of z-stacks for each stained tissue section. Adult zebrafish were euthanized in 0.016% tricaine containing 0.1M potassium chloride to arrest the heart chambers in diastole 34 . Images of whole hearts were captured using DFK2BUC03 camera from The Imaging Source mounted on SMZ1000 stereoscope. Then, adult hearts were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4℃ overnight, washed three times with PBS, dehydrated in EthOH, and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections of 5μm thickness were performed using Leica RM2265 microtome. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining according to standard laboratory protocols. Images of stained sections were capture with Leica DFC500 camera mounted on Leica DMLS2 microscope.
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