Normal melting point agarose

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) 4.5 g/L Glucose and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Dominique Dutscher (Brumath, France), Glutamax was from Life Technologies (Milano, Italy), trypsin-EDTA and penicillin/streptomycin were from Biowhittaker (Verviers, Belgium). Triton X-100, N-lauryl sarcosine, MD, Bafilomycin A1, and E64d-protease inhibitors were from SIGMA (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), NaOH, and Na₂EDTA were from Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Tris and NaCl were from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Normal-melting-point agarose, low-melting-point agarose, and ethidium bromide were from Bio-Rad Laboratories (GmbH, Munich, Germany). Nitrocellulose membranes for Western blotting were AmershamProtran™ 0.2 µm NC, Chicago, IL, USA. Antibodies used are rabbit anti-LC3 (#L7543, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-ATG5 (A0731, Sigma Aldrich), Anti-ATG7 (clone D12B11, Cell signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies from Jackson Immunoresearch. NP-40 was from Fisher Scientific (Illkirch, France). Western blots were revealed with Clarity Western ECL (Bio-Rad laboratories, Marnes-la-Coquette, France). Chemiluminescence was detected with a G:Box imaging system (Syngene, Cambridge, UK).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, trypsin EDTA and penicillin/streptomycin were from Biowhittaker (Verviers, Belgium). Triton X-100, N-lauryl sarcosine and menadione were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Dimethyl sulfoxide, NaOH and Na₂EDTA were from Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Tris and trypan blue were from BDH (Poole, England); NaCl was from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Normal-melting-point agarose, low-melting-point agarose and ethidium bromide were from Bio-Rad Laboratories (GmbH, Munich, Germany). Ribospin kit and Riboclear plus were purchased by GeneAll Biotechnology CO, Ltd (Seoul, Korea). cDNA was obtained via reverse transcription (by OriGeneTechnologies, Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA). SensiFast SYBR-based kit was from Bioline (London, UK). Custom primers were synthetized by IDT Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (Coralville, IA, USA).