The chemicals used in this research were commercially obtained: simvastatin (>97%, Sigma Aldrich Inc., USA), rosuvastatin calcium (>98%, Sigma Aldrich Inc., USA), fluvastatin sodium hydrate (>98%, Sigma Aldrich Inc., USA, Cas number 93957–55-2), atorvastatin calcium salt trihydrate (>98%, Sigma Aldrich Inc., Cas number 344423–98-9) and pravastatin sodium salt hydrate (>98%, Sigma Aldrich Inc., Cas number 81131–70-6).
Pravastatin sodium salt hydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Japan
Pravastatin sodium salt hydrate is a pharmaceutical compound used as an active ingredient in various medications. It is a synthetic statin drug that helps lower cholesterol levels in the body. The compound is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and is commonly used in the production of prescription drugs.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Simvastatin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rosuvastatin calcium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fluvastatin sodium hydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Atorvastatin calcium salt trihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
C57bl 6j male mice, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Somnopentyl, by Kyoritsu Seiyaku (1 mentions)
Pooled huvec, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Lipofectamine rnaimax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sipak1, by Horizon Discovery (1 mentions)
Medroxyprogesterone 17 acetate mpa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroquine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cerivastatin sodium salt hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluorescein isothiocyanate fitc conjugated goat anti mouse igg, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ez cytox, by DoGenBio (1 mentions)
5 protocols using pravastatin sodium salt hydrate
1
Commercially Obtained Statin Compounds
2
Pravastatin Protects Mice from Radiation
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Male C57BL/6 J mice, aged 7–8 weeks and weighing 20–28 g, were obtained from Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. (Yokohama, Japan) and used in the present study. All mice were acclimated for 7 days. They were housed 3 to 5 per cage (temperature, 23±2°C; humidity; 55±10%; 12-h light/dark cycle) and fed with a laboratory rodent pellet formula and tap water ad libitum. All of the animal experiments described herein were approved by the Hyogo College of Medicine (Nishinomiya, Japan) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval numbers: 13–047 and 14–065). Pravastatin sodium salt hydrate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K. (Tokyo, Japan). Pravastatin was orally administered at 30 mg/kg body weight in drinking water 24 and 4 h prior to irradiation. The same volume of water with no drugs was administered to the control group. Mice were irradiated at a dose of ~200 cGy/min using a 150 kVp X-ray unit, Hitachi MBR-1520 (20 mA, 150 kV; Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). For dosimetry, a probe connected to an electrometer system was placed close to the target site. Peritoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu Seiyaku, Tokyo, Japan) at ~45 mg/kg body weight was used throughout the experiment for anesthesia.
3
Pravastatin's Effects on HUVECs
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Human umbilical vein ECs (Pooled HUVECs, Lonza) were grown in the EC growth medium supplemented with growth factors, 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics (EGMTM‐2 BulletkitTM; Lonza) at 37oC and 5% CO2. Passage 4–6 HUVECs were used for the experiments. Cells were (60%–70%) confluent and were starved over‐night in MCDB‐131 basal medium with 1% FBS, followed by treatment with pravastatin sodium salt hydrate (10 µM; Sigma) (Abe et al., 2006 ; Panczel et al., 2019 ) in the same MCDB‐131 basal medium with 1% FBS for 24 hr. Controls were treated with vehicle phosphate‐buffered saline. To validate the expression level of top up‐ or downregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs, HUVECs were cultured and treated as previously described.
4
Modulation of Decidualization and Angiogenesis in EnSCs
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EnSCs were subjected to treatment with PlGF (#P1588, Sigma) at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for 6 days68 (link). For decidualization, EnSCs were treated with 0.5 μM 8-Bromoadenosine-3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (cAMP) (#1140, Tocris) and 1 μM Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (MPA) (#M6013, Sigma) for 6 days69 (link). The cell culture medium was replaced every 48 h with fresh treatment media. The experimental groups are indicated as control (untreated EnSCs), PlGF, cAMP+MPA, and cAMP+MPA+ PlGF.
Where indicated, EnSCs were treated with pravastatin (Pravastatin sodium salt hydrate, #P4498, Sigma) with or without PlGF treatment at 10 µM for 24 h70 (link). The experimental groups are classified as control (untreated EnSCs), PlGF, pravastatin (Prav), and pravastatin + PlGF (Prav + PlGF). Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) was used as a positive control for Rac1 activation. (#324831, Sigma) at a concentration of 100 ng/ml for 24 h71 (link).
For gene silencing, EnSCs were treated with siRNAs72 (link), such as siRac1 (50 nM, #L-003560-00-0010, Dharmacon), siPAK1 (20 µM, #L-003521-00-0010, Dharmacon), and siWAVE2 (5 nM, #s55787, ThermoFisher Scientific). The siRNAs were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (#13778075, ThermoFisher Scientific) for 48 h with and without combination with PlGF treatment.
Where indicated, EnSCs were treated with pravastatin (Pravastatin sodium salt hydrate, #P4498, Sigma) with or without PlGF treatment at 10 µM for 24 h70 (link). The experimental groups are classified as control (untreated EnSCs), PlGF, pravastatin (Prav), and pravastatin + PlGF (Prav + PlGF). Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) was used as a positive control for Rac1 activation. (#324831, Sigma) at a concentration of 100 ng/ml for 24 h71 (link).
For gene silencing, EnSCs were treated with siRNAs72 (link), such as siRac1 (50 nM, #L-003560-00-0010, Dharmacon), siPAK1 (20 µM, #L-003521-00-0010, Dharmacon), and siWAVE2 (5 nM, #s55787, ThermoFisher Scientific). The siRNAs were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (#13778075, ThermoFisher Scientific) for 48 h with and without combination with PlGF treatment.
5
Statin and Chloroquine Antiviral Assay
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Atorvastatin calcium salt trihydrate (ATO), cerivastatin sodium salt hydrate (CER), fluvastatin sodium hydrate (FLU), pravastatin sodium salt hydrate (PRA), rosuvastatin calcium (ROS), simvastatin (SIM), and chloroquine (CHL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lovastatin sodium salt (LOV) and mevastatin sodium salt (MEV) were purchased from Calbiochem. The statins ATO, FLU, PRA, ROS, MEV, LOV, and SIM were reconstituted to 20 mM in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); PRA was reconstituted to 50 mM in DMSO; CER was reconstituted to 20 mM in distilled deionized water. All statins were stored at −20 °C and diluted to working concentrations in infection medium on the same day of use. CHL was dissolved to 100 mM in distilled deionized water, stored at 4 °C, and diluted to the required concentration on the same day of use.
Mouse anti-flavivirus group antigen monoclonal antibody clone D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2 mAb) was purchased from Merck-Millipore (MAB10216) and stored at −20 °C in aliquots prior to use. The secondary antibody, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The cytotoxicity assay kit, EZ-CYTOX, was purchased from DoGenBio, Co., Ltd. in South Korea.
Mouse anti-flavivirus group antigen monoclonal antibody clone D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2 mAb) was purchased from Merck-Millipore (MAB10216) and stored at −20 °C in aliquots prior to use. The secondary antibody, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The cytotoxicity assay kit, EZ-CYTOX, was purchased from DoGenBio, Co., Ltd. in South Korea.
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