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9 protocols using ti e microscope

1

iPSC Immunocytochemistry and Flow Cytometry

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iPSC colonies grown on matrigel-coated (Corning) plates or EBs attached on gelatin-coated plates were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) and washed with PBS. Fixed cells were incubated overnight with appropriate primary antibodies at 4 °C for immunocytochemistry. The next day, cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with appropriate Alexa Flour 555 or 488 conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) in PBS at room temperature for 45 min followed by PBS wash. Cells were counterstained with DAPI before immunofluorescence analysis. Images were taken using the motorized Nikon Ti-E microscope and NIS-Elements software. Scale bars in Fig. 1 represent 100 µm. For SSEA3 flow cytometry analysis, cells were digested by Accutase and washed by PBS. 1 × 105 cells were incubated with Alexa 488-SSEA3 or isotype control antibody for 30 min at 4 °C. After PBS washing, the cells were analysed by a Guava EasyCyte Flow Cytometer (Millipore).
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2

Immunostaining of iPSC-derived cells

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The control and cholangiocyte-like cells arising from Src inhibition during endodermal commitment of human iPSCs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Fixed cells were stained as per manufacturer’s protocol (Cell Signaling Technology #9860). Images were taken using the motorized Nikon Ti-E microscope and NIS-Elements software.
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3

Nikon Microscope Imaging Protocols

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Images were obtained with a Nikon Ti-E microscope controlled by NIS Elements (version 3.22.15). The microscope is equipped with a Nikon 10× Plan Fluor Ph1 0.3 NA objective, a Nikon 20× Plan Fluor Ph1 0.45 NA objective, a Nikon 40× Plan Apo Ph2 0.95 NA objective, a Nikon 60× Plan Apo 1.2 NA objective, a Nikon 100× Plan Apo Ph3 1.4 NA objective, a Prior Lumen 200 Pro, and an Andor Clara CCD camera.
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4

Nikon Microscope Imaging Protocols

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Images were obtained with a Nikon Ti-E microscope controlled by NIS Elements (version 3.22.15). The microscope is equipped with a Nikon 10× Plan Fluor Ph1 0.3 NA objective, a Nikon 20× Plan Fluor Ph1 0.45 NA objective, a Nikon 40× Plan Apo Ph2 0.95 NA objective, a Nikon 60× Plan Apo 1.2 NA objective, a Nikon 100× Plan Apo Ph3 1.4 NA objective, a Prior Lumen 200 Pro, and an Andor Clara CCD camera.
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5

Immunocytochemical Characterization of Stem Cells

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Cells were incubated with appropriate primary antibodies at 4°C overnight and then washed twice and incubated with Alexa Flour 555 or 488 secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature for 45 minutes. Finally, cells were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Primary antibodies against octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4; 1:200, Millipore), TRA1–60 (1:100, Millipore), NANOG (1:100, BD Pharmingen), SOX17 (1:200, R&D Systems), chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4; 1:100, eBioscience), AFP (1:200, Dako), CK7 (1:200, Cell Marque), CK7 (1:200, Millipore), smooth muscle actin (SMA; 1:200, Sigma), COL1A1 (1:100, Calbiochem), and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1; 1:100, Sigma) were diluted in PBS with 0.3% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% Triton X-100. Images were taken using the motorized Nikon Ti-E microscope and NIS-Elements software. Quantification of protein expression and cell counting were done using ImageJ software (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/).
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6

Immunocytochemistry with EtOH/P4 and DMSO/Pimozide

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Immunocytochemistry was performed as described (62 (link)), with additions of EtOH/10 nM P4 and/or DMSO/500 nM Pimozide for 24 h. Images were collected using a Nikon TiE microscope equipped with a digital camera and NIS Elements software. Adobe Photoshop CS5 was used to perform linear adjustments to brightness/contrast, assemble pictures into multipanel figures, and convert images from RGB to CMYK.
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7

High-Throughput Microfluidic Yeast Imaging

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A high-throughput microfluidic chip was used in our fluorescence experiment, which allows a maximum of 96 parallel experiments across 2 different conditions (S1A Fig). Our chip was fabricated with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, RTV615, Momentive Performance Materials Inc.) using standard soft lithography technology. Each strain was loaded into an individual channel and a constant flow rate of 400 μl/h for fresh media was achieved. Phase contrast and fluorescence images of yeast cells were generated via a Nikon Ti-E microscope in combination with NIS-Elements software every 5 min. A cell culture incubator around the microscope was used to maintain a temperature of 30°C.
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8

Immunocytochemistry with EtOH/P4 and DMSO/Pimozide

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Immunocytochemistry was performed as described (62 (link)), with additions of EtOH/10 nM P4 and/or DMSO/500 nM Pimozide for 24 h. Images were collected using a Nikon TiE microscope equipped with a digital camera and NIS Elements software. Adobe Photoshop CS5 was used to perform linear adjustments to brightness/contrast, assemble pictures into multipanel figures, and convert images from RGB to CMYK.
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9

iPSC Immunocytochemistry and Flow Cytometry

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iPSC colonies grown on matrigel-coated (Corning) plates or EBs attached on gelatin-coated plates were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) and washed with PBS. Fixed cells were incubated overnight with appropriate primary antibodies at 4 °C for immunocytochemistry. The next day, cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with appropriate Alexa Flour 555 or 488 conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) in PBS at room temperature for 45 min followed by PBS wash. Cells were counterstained with DAPI before immunofluorescence analysis. Images were taken using the motorized Nikon Ti-E microscope and NIS-Elements software. Scale bars in Fig. 1 represent 100 µm. For SSEA3 flow cytometry analysis, cells were digested by Accutase and washed by PBS. 1 × 105 cells were incubated with Alexa 488-SSEA3 or isotype control antibody for 30 min at 4 °C. After PBS washing, the cells were analysed by a Guava EasyCyte Flow Cytometer (Millipore).
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