17 s hdha

ML351, PD146176, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 15(S)-HETE, 13(S)-HODE, and 17(S)-HDHA were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Bafilomycin A1, Methyl-β-cyclodextrin from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonist from EMD Millipore Corp. (Billerica, MA, USA), and recombinant human IL-4 from PeproTech (Hamburg, Germany). Primers were purchased from http://Biomers.net GmbH (Ulm, Germany) and their sequences are available on request. All chemicals were of the highest grade of purity and commercially available.

The PUFA substrates LA, AA and EPA were purchased from TCI chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). DHA was obtained from Thraustochytrid microalgae (Schizochytrium sp. SH103)^{14 (link)}. The HFA standards 17S-HDHA and resolvin D1-5 were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The pfu DNA polymerase premix was purchased from Bioneer Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). Restriction enzymes were supplied by New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA, USA). The epoxide hydrolase (EH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The E. coli DH5α strain used for gene cloning was purchased from Real Biotech Corporation (Banqiao, Taiwan). The plasmid pET-28a and E. coli BL21 (DE3) were supplied by Novagen (Madison, WI, USA). HiTrap Talon crude (5 mL) and Superdex 200 pg (16/600) were purchased from GE Healthcare (Madison, WI, USA). The SUPELCOSIL LC-DIOL column (25 cm × 3 mm, 5 μm) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The HECTOR-M C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was purchased from RS Tech (Cheongju, Korea). The CHIRALPAK IB column (25 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and CHIRALCEL OD-H column (25 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) were obtained from Daicel (Tokyo, Japan). Diaion HP20 resin was obtained from Mitsubishi Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were from DaeJung Chemical (Siheung, Korea). All reagents used in this study were extra pure grade.

All solvents for untargeted mass spectrometry were LC-MS grade. Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, New Jersey); Water was purchased from Honeywell (Muskegon Michigan); 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, alanine, anserine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, β-aminoisobutryic acid, β-alanine, carnosine, citrulline, creatinine, cystathionine, cysteine, ethanolamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, homocystine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, L-aminoadipic acid, L-cystine, leucine, lysine, proline, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, phosphoserine, phosphoethanolamine, sarcosine, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, urea, and valine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri); 10(S),17(S)-DiHDoHE (Protectin DX), 11β-PGF_2α, 14(S)-HDHA, 15R-PGF_2α, 17(S)-HDHA, 8-iso-15R-PGF_2α, 8-iso-PGF_2α, Lipoxin A4 (LXA₄), LTB₄, LTC₄, LTD₄, LTE₄, PGE₂, PGF_2α, Resolvin D1 (RVD1), and Resolvin D2 (RVD2) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan).
All standards and deuterated internal standards used for LC-MS/MS analysis of arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid derived lipid mediators were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). All HPLC solvents and extraction solvents were HPLC grade or better.