To perform xenotransplantation, embryos at the age of 48 hpf (hours post fertilization), previously dechorionized and anesthetized with a 0.006%
tricaine solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), were used.
The embryos were placed onto an agarose support, and cells were injected into the yolk sac using a
PicoPump PV820 pneumatic microinjector (World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA) with the pressure parameters set at 20 psi and the sample submission time of 100 ms; an M-152 micromanipulator (Narashige Group, Tokyo, Japan); and an Olympus
CKX41 microscope (Olympus, Japan). Glass capillaries (cat.# BF100-50-10 Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA, USA), with the outer diameter of 40 μm, produced by a Model P-97 device (Sutter Instrument), were employed.
The postinjection embryos were held in water at +28°C for 2 hrs, and the temperature was raised to +34 °C.
Five hours after the injections, bioimaging of the injected embryos was carried out. Individuals that showed 100–200 cells at the injection area and with no cells observed in blood vessels were selected for future analysis.
Kondratyeva L.G., Safina D.R., Chernov I.P., Kopantzev E.P., Kostrov S.V, & Sverdlov E.D. (2019). PDX1, a key factor in pancreatic embryogenesis, can exhibit antimetastatic activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Management and Research, 11, 7077-7087.