Diltiazem hydrochloride (DH), perindopril erbumine (PE) and 0.1M isotonic Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) were bought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Distilled de-ionized water was obtained from NanoPure Infinity Ultrapure water purification system (Barnstead, Dubuque, IA, USA). Stainless steel microneedle rollers (0.5mm) were bought from Pearl Enterprises LLC (Lakewood, New Jersey, USA). Electric hair clipper was purchased from Walgreens, a local pharmacy store (Vallejo, CA). Electric dermatome was purchased from Nouvag® (Goldach, Switzerland). Franz diffusion system (PermeGear, Hellertown, PA, USA) was used for experiments. Frozen porcine ears were purchased from Pel-Freez Arkansas LLC (Rogers, Arkansas, USA). DH and PE were reconstituted in only PBS prior to experiments.
Perindopril erbumine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Perindopril erbumine is a pharmaceutical compound used as an active ingredient in various medications. It functions as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is a class of drugs that help lower blood pressure by reducing the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The core function of perindopril erbumine is to inhibit the ACE enzyme, thereby reducing the production of angiotensin II and facilitating vasodilation to lower blood pressure.
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2 protocols using perindopril erbumine
1
Transdermal Delivery of Drugs via Microneedles
2
Comparative Analysis of Hypertension Medications
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Perindopril arginine (Oril Industrie, France) was obtained as a gift from Anpharm (Poland). Perindopril erbumine (tert-butyl amine) and indapamide were purchased from Sigma--Aldrich Chemicals (USA). Three fi xed-dose formulations, i.e. Noliprel Forte ® (NF) containing 5.0 mg of perindopril arginine and 1.25 mg of indapamide from Anpharm and Tertensif Kombi ® (TK) (Servier, France), and Co-Prenessa ® (CP) containing 4.0 mg of Perindopril erbumine and 1.25 mg of indapamide from Krka (Poland) were used. The NF and TK tablets contained the same excipients, i.e. lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium carboxymethyl starch type A, glycerol, hypromelose, Macrogol 6000 and titanium dioxide. Excipients for the CP tablets were microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium bicarbonate and colloidal silicon dioxide.
All solvents for chromatography, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and Tween 80, were purchased from E. Merck (Germany). All other chemicals were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Buff ers of pH 2.6, 3.0 and 3.4 were prepared with 0.1 mol L -1 KH 2 PO 4 and 85 % H 3 PO 4 . Buff ers of pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.8 were prepared according to the European Pharmacopoeia (18) .
All solvents for chromatography, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and Tween 80, were purchased from E. Merck (Germany). All other chemicals were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Buff ers of pH 2.6, 3.0 and 3.4 were prepared with 0.1 mol L -1 KH 2 PO 4 and 85 % H 3 PO 4 . Buff ers of pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.8 were prepared according to the European Pharmacopoeia (18) .
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