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4 protocols using propargyl bromide

1

Synthesis of LacNAc Derivatives

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Ligand 1 (LacNAc; Galβ4GlcNAc) was obtained from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). The preparation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans Biolacta® was from Daiwa Kasei (Aichi, Japan). β-Alanine, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2-cyanopropan-2-yl dithiobenzoate, 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (CTA), CuBr, methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, N-Boc-ethylenediamine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Propargyl bromide was purchased from Acros Organics (Pardubice, Czech Republic), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was acquired from Iris Biotech (Marktredwitz, Germany).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of DES

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All chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification. Sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed CNCs (98% freeze-dried powder, 0.8–0.9% S) were purchased from the University of Maine, USA. Ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), copper (II) bromide (CuBr2), dimethylformamide (DMF), glycerol, proline, potassium carbonate (K2CO3), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, sodium azide (NaN3), triethylamine, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and syringaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Propargyl bromide (80 wt% in toluene) was acquired from Acros Organics, and diethyl malonate and pyridine were from Tokyo Chemical Industries (TCI). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was acquired from Bio-Strategy Pty Ltd, Australia. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased form Gibco™, and CellTiter 96® MTS reagent was purchased from Promega, Australia. Cream N (Neutrogena® Oil-Free Moisture) and Cream S (Neutrogena® Oil-Free Moisture Sun Protection Factor (SPF) 15,13.5% active ingredients) are commercially available facial creams purchased in a local pharmacy. DES was synthesized via proline-mediated Knoevenagel condensation of syringaldehyde and diethyl malonate (Figure S1), as we have reported previously [14 (link)].
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3

Synthesis and Functionalization of Silica-Based Materials

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Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 98%, Alfa Aesar), ethanol (95-96%, Merck), HCl (37% Riedel de Haen), NaNO3 (99%, Fluka), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%, Acros) were used as received for films synthesis. 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (99%, Merck), sodium hydride (NaH, Merck, 90%), propargyl bromide (80 Wt.% solution in toluene, stabilized, ACROS organics), 1,4-dioxane (Merck, 99,8%), selenium (IV) oxide (SeO2, ACROS organics, 99.8%), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, Merck, 99.5%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, Merck, 99%), magnesium sulfate anhydrous (MgSO4, Merck, 99.5%), sodium chloride (Merck, 99.5%), methanol (Merck, 99.9%), dichloromethane (Merck, 99.8%) were analytical grade. FeSO4 (Merck, 99%), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, Lancaster, 97%) lithium perchlorate (LiClO4, Merck, 99.9%), (3chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (95%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium azide (NaN3, 98% Sigma-Aldrich), tetrabutylammonium bromide (NBu4Br, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) and acetonitrile (CH3CN, 99.9% Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received for the synthesis of the 3-azidopropyltriethoxysilane and the tris(2,2'-bipyridine) iron (II) sulfate.
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4

Synthesis of Multifunctional PEG Macromonomers

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Hydroxyl-terminated 8-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-(OH)8, Mn = 20 kg/mol, Ð 1.06) was purchased from Jenkem (Allen, Texas, USA) and purified before use by dissolution in dichloromethane and precipitation in cold diethyl ether. ε-caprolactone was obtained from Acros (Geel, Belgium).
Propargyl bromide (80 wt % in toluene), lithium diisopropylamide (LDA, 2 M in THF/heptane/ethylbenzene), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), benzyl mercaptan, tin(II)
2-ethylhexanoate (stannous octoate), methanesulfonyl chloride (mesyl chloride), triethylamine (TEA) and 25 % aqueous ammonia solution were all from Sigma-Aldrich (St-Quentin Fallavier, France).
Dichloromethane, toluene and ε-caprolactone were dried over calcium hydride, whereas TEA was dried over potassium hydroxide. All were distilled prior to use.
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