UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra in transmission mode were measured at room temperature on a Hitachi U-3500 spectrophotometer. Vis-NIR absorption spectra in a total reflection mode using an optical waveguide were measured at room temperature with a System Instruments SIS-50 spectrophotometer.
U 3500 spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Hitachi
The Hitachi U-3500 spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement and analysis of light absorption or transmission properties of various samples. It is capable of performing accurate spectroscopic measurements across a wide range of wavelengths, allowing users to gather data on the composition and characteristics of their samples.
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4 protocols using u 3500 spectrophotometer
1
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Protocol
2
Spectroscopic Characterization of Glass
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The Tg was determined by differential thermal analysis at a heating rate of 10 °C/min using a TG8120 (Rigaku). The PL and PLE spectra were measured at room temperature using an F9000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi). The absorption spectra were measured at room temperature using a U3500 spectrophotometer (Hitachi). The emissions decay at room temperature was measured using a Quantaurus-Tau (Hamamatsu Photonics) whose excitation light source was a 4.43-eV (280-nm) LED operated at a frequency of 10 kHz. The photoluminescence dynamics were also evaluated using a streak camera and a monochromator. The light source used for photoexcitation was an optical parametric amplifier system based on a regenerative amplified mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (Spectra Physics) with a pulse-duration of 150 fs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The absolute QY of the glass was measured using a Quantaurus-QY (Hamamatsu Photonics).
3
Quantifying Upconversion Efficiency
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Absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured with a Hitachi U-3500 spectrophotometer and FLS920 Edinburgh fluorophotometer, respectively. The UC spectra was recorded with PR655 SpectraScan colorimeter under the excitation of 655 nm diode laser. The sensitizer/annihilator pair in toluene were degassed for 15 min before measurement. The UC efficiency (ΦUC) was calculated by eqn (1) ,10 (link) where Ar and As are the absorbance of the reference (ZnPc) and sensitizer at the excitation wavelength (655 nm), respectively. Fs and Fr stand for the integrated UC of annihilator and integrated fluorescence of ZnPc, respectively. Φr is the fluorescence quantum yield of ZnPc (20% in DMSO).13 (link)ηs and ηr are the refractive index of sensitizer/annihilator solution and ZnPc solution (to simplify, ηs and ηr are the refractive index of toluene and DMSO). The equation is multiplied by a factor of 2, accounting for the fact that two absorbed photons are required to produce one up converted photon. Thus, the various parameters based on the eqn (1) above are presented in Table S1.†
4
Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization
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IR spectra were measured on Jasco FT/IR-4100 using KBr disks. NMR spectra were recorded with JEOL JNM-LA400. 51 V and 19 F NMR spectra were measured at 105.15 and 376.17 MHz, respectively. All spectra were obtained in the solvent indicated, at 25ºC unless otherwise noted. 19 F NMR spectra were referenced to neat CF 3 COOH (δ = 0.00). 51 V NMR spectra were referenced using a sample of 10 mM NaVO 3 in 2.0 M NaOH (-541.2 ppm). UV/Vis spectra were recorded using a Hitachi U-3500 spectrophotometer. An ALS/CH Instruments electrochemical analyzer (Model 600A) was used for voltammetric experiments. The working electrode was glassy carbon, the counter electrode was Pt wire, and the reference electrode was Ag/Ag + . The voltage scan rate was set at 100 mV s -1 . The potentials in all voltammetric experiments were converted using data derived from the oxidation of Fc (Fc/Fc + , Fc = ferrocene) as an external reference.
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