1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphothioethanol

Unless otherwise indicated, all chemicals and solvents for biradical synthesis were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), and used without additional purification. Common chemicals of a reagent grade for protein expression, isolation and reconstitution were purchased from either Fisher Scientific (Unionville, Ontario, Canada) or Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario, Canada). ¹⁵N-labeled ammonium chloride was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (PTE), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DMPA) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as chloroform solutions (>99% purity) and used without further purification. The Ni²⁺-NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) agarose resin was purchased from Qiagen (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). TOTAPOL was either purchased from Dynupol (Cambridge, MA, USA) or synthesized at NCSU according to the published procedures [2 (link)].