H pylori strain atcc 43504

Human GC epithelial cell lines AGS (CRL-1739) and HEK293 (CRL-1573) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Another GC epithelial cell line MKN45 was kindly provided by Professor Min-Chuan Huang from the Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University. AGS and HEK293 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, HyClone, Marlborough, MA, USA) and MKN45 cells in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (HyClone) at 37°C in a humidified incubator under 5% CO₂. Culture medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone), penicillin (100 U/L), and streptomycin (10 mg/L). The H. pylori strain (ATCC 43504) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. H. pylori was inoculated on Columbia agar containing 5% sheep blood (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and grown at 37°C in a microaerophilic chamber under 10% CO₂, 5% O₂, and 85% N₂. The study on H. pylori was approved by the Biosafety Committee of National Taiwan University. All procedures were conducted in compliance with the approved guidelines and regulations. AGS and MKN45 cells were infected with H. pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 30 and 90, respectively, for the indicated times after starvation in serum-free medium for 1.5 h.

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio‐Technology Co., Ltd (China). Iron chlorides anhydrous (FeCl₃), methanol, triethylamine (TEA), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), tannic acid (TA), methylene blue (MB), TMB were purchased from Aladdin Bio‐Chem Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was bought from APExBIO (USA). Simulated gastric fluid (SGF, USP) was purchased from Leagene Biotechnology (China). Brain‐heart infusion (BHI) and Columbia blood plates were obtained from Huan kai Guangzhou Microbial (China). Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) and live/dead BacLight bacterial viability kit (L‐7012) were bought from Invitrogen (USA). BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Beyotime (China). Mouse ELISA kits were purchased from NeoBioscience Technology Co, Ltd (China). H. pylori strain ATCC 43504 and ATCC 700392 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). LQ2# and CS01 were clinical isolates gifted by Prof. Meicun Yao (Sun Yat‐sen University, Shenzhen, China.). BALB/c female mice (6–8 weeks old) were purchased from Gempharmatech Co., Ltd (China). High‐purify water (Millipore Milli‐Q grade) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ was used in all the experiments. All reagents used in the experiments were analytical grade without further purification.