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4 protocols using monodansylcadaverine mdc

1

Nitidine Chloride Induces Autophagy

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Nitidine chloride (NC, CAS no. 13063-04-2) was ordered from Tauto Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 3-[4 (link),5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China), FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I(#556547) was purchased from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Chloroquine (CQ) was ordered from Selleck. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) or acridine orange (AO) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The primary antibodies were provided by Cell Signaling Technology (USA), including LC3A/B (D3U4C, #12741, 1:1000), SQSTM1/p62 (D5E2, #8025, 1:1000), Akt (C67E7, #4691, 1:1000), Phospho-Akt (Thr308, D25E6, #13038, 1:1000), mTOR (7C10, #2983, 1:1000), Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448, D9C2, #5536, 1:1000), p70 S6 Kinase (49D7, #2708, 1:1000), Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Thr389, 108D2, #9234, 1:1000), 4E-BP1 (53H11, #9644, 1:1000), Phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr37/46, 236B4, #2855, 1:1000), β-Actin (13E5, #4970, 1:5000).
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2

Osteogenic Differentiation Protocols with Autophagy Modulators

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Vitamin K2 (VK2), Dexamethasone (Dex), and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against alpha-1 type I collagen (COL1A1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osteocalcin (Ocn) were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The primary antibody against the mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 was procured from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Primary antibodies against LC3-I/II, p62, PINK1, Parkin and GADPH were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danver, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA). Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) was acquired from Solarbio Science & Technology (Beijing, China). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade complying with tissue and cell culture standards.
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3

Evaluation of Cellular Responses in HK-2 Cells

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Reagents:
DMEM/F-12 culture medium and fetal bovine serum were purchased from
Gibco. The CCK-8 kit was purchased from Dojindo Laboratory (Kumamoto,
Japan). Cell membrane red fluorescent probe 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine
perchlorate (DiI), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining solution,
and Fluo-4 AM were purchased from Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology
Co., Ltd. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI), 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine
iodide (JC-1), and 2′,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
(DCFH-DA) were purchased from KeyGEN BioTECH Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China).
Acridine orange (AO) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) were purchased
from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. Human kidney proximal tubular
epithelial (HK-2) cells were purchased from the Shanghai Cell Bank
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).
Instruments:
multifunctional microplate reader (SafireZ, Tecan, Switzerland); flow
cytometer (FACS Aria, BD, USA); inverted fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUS,
U-HGLGPS, Japan); laser confocal microscope (LSM510 META DUO SCAN,
ZEISS, Germany); and optical microscope (OLYMPUS, TH4-200, Japan).
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4

Autophagic Vacuole Imaging with MDC

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Monodansylcadaverine (MDC, Solarbio, China) has autofluorescence properties with an excitation wavelength at 365 nm, due to a dansyl group conjugated to cadaverine, a diamine-pentane. Under in vivo conditions, MDC accumulates as a selective fluorescent marker for autophagic vacuoles by interacting with membrane lipids that are highly concentrated in autophagic compartments. When MDC is incorporated into cells, the accumulation of this fluorescent reagent is observed in spherical compartments at the perinuclear region in spots distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with 50 μM MDC in PBS at 37°C for 30 min. Autophagic vacuoles were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy (Olympus, XSZ-D2).
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