Triton x 0.2

A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM; Leica SP8, Milton Keynes, UK) was used to acquire images on actin and nuclei. Following the THP-1 differentiation, M0 macrophages were incubated with AuNSs (100 µM and 300 µM) for 24 h and 48 h in an incubator. Then, the cells were washed with PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) for 10 min at room temperature. The cell permeabilization step was carried out with Triton X (0.2%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK); then, cells were stained using DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) for nuclei imaging, whereas the CellMask™ Deep Red Plasma Membrane Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to stain cell membranes.
Coherency of F-actin was performed on 75 cells, using the ImageJ 1.51 software analysis.

A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM; Leica SP8, Milton Keynes, UK) was used to acquire images on actin and nuclei. Following the THP-1 differentiation, M0 macrophages were incubated with AuNSs (100 µM and 300 µM) for 24 h and 48 h in an incubator. Then, the cells were washed with PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) for 10 min at room temperature. The cell permeabilization step was carried out with Triton X (0.2%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK); then, cells were stained using DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) for nuclei imaging, whereas the CellMask™ Deep Red Plasma Membrane Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to stain cell membranes.
Coherency of F-actin was performed on 75 cells, using the ImageJ 1.51 software analysis.