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11 protocols using rt pcr instrument

1

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Total RNA was extracted from tissue using Trizol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and cDNA synthesized using a reverse-transcription kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RT-PCR was repeated in triplicate using an RT-PCR instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The relative expression of each target gene was calculated using the comparative Ct (2−ΔΔCt) method.
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2

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Extraction via Sonication

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The Sonicator method was used to extract the RNA from the homogenized nasopharyngeal swab sample. The procedures described below were used to obtain a high-quality RNA extract using this extraction method: Eppendorf microtubes (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) containing homogenized nasopharyngeal swab samples were placed on a dry heating block (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 65 °C for 10 min to inactivate the virus. Thereafter, the samples were processed for 15 min at 65 °C (40 kHz) with an Ultra Bath Sonicator (RS PRO, Europe) to lyse the cells and extract RNA. The Sonicator temperature was maintained by using a thermometer. The sonicated samples were centrifuged at 179× g for 1 min (Eppendorf, Fisher Scientific, USA). Approximately 20 µL of the extracted RNA supernatant was transferred into another empty MicroAmp 8-tube strip (Applied Biosystem, Thermo Fischer Scientific, China), and the SARS-CoV-2 target genes were amplified and detected using a real-time thermal cycler (RT-PCR) instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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3

Inflammatory Biomarkers and Growth Factors Quantification

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On the 21st day, blood samples were drawn out in heparin vials from all treatment groups. The serum was separated out with centrifugation. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QuantStudio3 Kits) technique was used to measure levels of inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., TNF-α) and growth factors (e.g., MMP-2 and VEGF). The mRNA was isolated and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by using cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific®, Waltham, MA, USA). Then, 2x SYBER q-PCR Master Mix was added, and samples were stored at −20 °C. Finally, mixture was kept in RT-PCR instrument (ThermoScientific®) [39 (link)]. Data analysis was undertaken through compilation of biological replicates and averaged.
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4

Total RNA Extraction and RT-PCR Analysis

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Total RNA was extracted from tissues and HCC cells using TRIzol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and then, cDNA was synthesized using a reverse-transcription kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). An RT-PCR instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used to perform RT-PCR analysis according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The relative expression of target gene was calculated by using a method of comparing Ct (2−ΔΔCT) values.
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5

Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Gene Expression

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Reverse transcription were performed by the TaqMan High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems™, USA). The 20 μL reverse transcription reaction contained dNTPs, MultiScribe Reverse Transcriptase (50 U/μL), 10x Reverse Transcription Buffer, Random Primer, nuclease-free water, and 10 μL RNA. The reaction was carried out at 4 steps (Step 1: 25 °C, 10 min; Step 2: 37 °C, 120 min; Step 3: 85 °C, 5 min; Step 4: 4 °C, ∞) on Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, California, USA). In the present study, the reaction mix for each sample used of TaqMan, ®Gene Expression, in a volume of 20 μL including in 4 μL preamplified of cDNA (50 ng), 1 μL of TaqMan gene expression assay, 5 μL of dH2O, and 10 μL of the Universal Master Mix (2x). The qRT-PCR reactions were accommodated in 96-well plates in the Applied Biosystems RT- PCR instrument. The assays were started by denaturation for 2 min at 50 °C, 10 min at 95 °C and followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 15 sec and 60 °C for 1 min. In addition, all probes (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) in this study, based on the mRNA sequences of target HER2, HSP90AA1, SIAH2, and reference gene GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) acquired from GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) (Table 1).
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6

Quantitative TIPARP gene expression

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Total RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent (TaKaRa, Japan), and 1000 ng RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA using Primescript RT Reagent (TaKaRa, Japan). The RT-PCR was performed using FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master (Roche, Switzerland) in a RT-PCR instrument (Applied Biosystems, USA), and β-Actin was used as endogenous control. The following PCR primers were used:
TIPARP forward, 5′-TGCACCCAGTTTCAAGTGAT3-′
TIPARP reverse, 5′- GTTCACCAGCTCAAACACGA3-′
β-Actin forward, 5′-GCTGTGCT ATCCCTGTACGC3-′
β-Actin reverse, 5′-TGCCTCAGGGCAGCGGAACC3-′
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7

Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model Characterization

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The experimental rats were purchased from the Nanjing model animal center and grown for one month; cattle type II collagen (CII) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); LTB4, IL-32, IFN-γ and chemokine MIP-1α, MCP-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits all from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Primary rabbit polyclonal LTB4 antibody (dilution, 1:1,000; cat. no. ab133040); rabbit polyclonal IL-32 antibody (dilution, 1:1,000; cat. no. ab37158); rabbit polyclonal IFN-γ antibody (dilution, 1:1,000; cat. no. ab77246); rabbit polyclonal MIP-1α antibody (dilution, 1:1,000; cat. no. ab171336); rabbit polyclonal MIP-1α antibody (dilution, 1:1,000; cat. no. ab30512) secondary goat anti-rabbit (HRP) IgG antibody (dilution, 1:2,000; cat. no. ab6721) were all purchased from Abcam Co. Ltd. (Cambridge, MA, USA). RNA-extraction reagents, reverse transcription kits and PCR enzymes were from Takara Co. Ltd. (Los Angeles, CA, USA); RT-PCR primers were forward, ATGTATTGCTAATCTTGATGTCTCTCGA and reverse, CTTTCAGAGAACTTTCTTGAGGCTTGTCCTAAAGTG GAG, synthesized by Nanjing Genscript Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China); RT-PCR instrument was from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA); flow cytometry was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Attune NxT; Grand Island, NY, USA).
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8

HUVEC RNA Extraction and Quantitative PCR

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Total RNA was extracted from HUVECs by Trizol reagent (Qiagen, Germany). Purity of the RNA was assessed by measuring the ratio of the absorbance at 260 and 280 nm. The complementary DNA was synthesized by Prime Script RT Reagent kit (Takara, China) or microRNA Reverse Transcription kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in RT-PCR instrument (Applied Biosystems). RT-qPCR assay was performed with Platinum SYBR Green qPCR SuperMix-UDG kit (Invitrogen, USA). Relative expression of genes was calculated and quantified by 2−ΔΔCt method. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or endogenous small nuclear RNA U6 was used as internal control. The sequences of primers were: miR-92a-3p (forward, 5′- CTCAACTGGTGTCGTGGAGTCGGCAATTCAGTTGATACAGGCCG-3′; reverse, 5′-ACACTCCAGCTGGGTATTGCACTTGTCCC-3′); SIRT6 (forward, 5′-AAGCTGGAGCCCAAGGAGGAA-3′; reverse, 5′-AAGAATGTGCCAAGTGTAAGA-3′); GAPDH (forward, 5′-TCCCATCACCATCTTCCAGG-3′; reverse, 5′-GATGACCCTTTTGGCTCCC-3′); U6 (forward, 5′-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3′; reverse, 5′-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3′).
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9

Quantifying CDC20 Expression via RT-PCR

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Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent (TaKaRa, Japan) and 1000 ng RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA using Primescript RT Reagent (TaKaRa, Japan). The RT-PCR was performed using FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master (Roche, Switzerland) in an RT-PCR instrument (Applied Biosystems, U.S.A.), and β-actin was used as an endogenous control. The following PCR primers were used:

CDC20 forward, 5′-GCACAGTTCGCGTTCGAGA-3′

CDC20 reverse, 5′-CTGGATTTGCCAGGAGTTCGG-3′

β-actin forward, 5′-GCTGTGCT ATCCCTGTACGC-3′

β-actin reverse, 5′-TGCCTCAGGGCAGCGGAACC-3′.

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10

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis

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Total RNA from lung tissues was extracted using TRIzol regent (Invitrogen), and then reverse transcribed to cDNA via reverse transcriptase (Promega). PCR primer sequences used in the present study are listed in Table 1 (Sangon Biotech).
Real-time PCR was performed using SYBR Green Mix (Takara), and analyzed using an RT-PCR instrument (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, U.S.A.). Amplification of β-actin was also measured as an internal control. The quantitation of target gene expression was analyzed by 2−ΔΔCt method [31 (link)].
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