Dsc 204

Thermal diffusivity (α) was measured by a laser flash technique using a NETZSCH LFA 447 Nano Flash^TM (NETZSCH, Selb, Germany) diffusivity apparatus. The parameters of α measurement were: voltage, 250 V; pulse width, 0.05 ms. Each measurement of α was replicated three times and the average value was reported. The relative standard deviation of each series of measurements was less than 2.6%. The specific heat (C_p) of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (NETZSCH DSC 204, Selb, Germany) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in N₂ atmosphere. The infrared images were captured using the thermal emission microscopy system (Optotherm Sentris IS640, Sewickley, PA, USA).

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves were recorded by using Netzsch instrument (DSC-204, Bavaria, Germany). The sample (5–10 mg) was heated to 40–260 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min under constant nitrogen flow (50 mL min⁻¹).

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were measured on Bruker AVANCE Digital 300 MHz NMR workstation or Bruker AVANCE Digital 400 MHz NMR workstation. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) were determined by Polymer Laboratories PL220 Chromatograph (150°C in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) with linear polystyrene as the standard. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded on CHI 600D electrochemical workstation at a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹. The tapping-mode atomic force microscopy images were performed on a Nano-Scope NS3A system (Digital Instrument) to observe the surface morphologies of the ITO-coated glass substrates. UV-vis spectra were obtained by a HP 8453 spectrophotometer. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) measurements were carried out with a NETZSCH TG 209 under a heating rate of 10°C min⁻¹ and a N₂ flow rate of 20 mL min⁻¹. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted on a Netzsch DSC 204 under N₂ flow at heating and cooling rates of 10°C min⁻¹.

The thermal and crystalline properties of the composites samples were tested with a differential scanning calorimeter (Netzsch DSC-204, Bavaria, Germany). The samples were analyzed within a temperature range of 40–200 °C at a nitrogen flow rate of 60 mL/min at the same heating and cooling rates of 10 °C/min in three scans: heating, cooling, and heating. The crystallinity, X_DSC, was calculated by the following equation [28 (link),29 (link),30 (link)]: $X_{DSC} = \frac{\Delta Hm}{f\cdot \Delta H_m^0}\times 100$
where f is the mass fraction of PLA matrix in the composites, ΔHm is the melting enthalpy of the composites, and $\Delta H_m^0$ is the melting enthalpy of 100% crystalline PLA (93.7 J/g).

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed on a DSC204 (NETZSCH, Germany). 15 mg sample was placed in an aluminum pan and was sealed with the sample pan press. The probes were heated from 30 to 200 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere.

Differential scanning calorimetry (Netzsch, DSC-204, Selb, Bavaria) was used to study the release of tea tree essential oil and microalgae Chlorella vulgaris components. The aluminum crucibles with samples were placed under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen in a temperature range of 18 to 150 °C and a velocity of 2 °C/min. For the studies, 18–27 mg of the sample was used. The differences between the sample crucible mass was quantified.