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5 protocols using d galactose

1

Fucoidan Extraction and Characterization

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Fucoidan standard extracted from U. pinnatifida (Fstd) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). Sugar standards including L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucose were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Synthetic antioxidants BHA, sodium hydroxide (≥99.0%), and ascorbic acid were also purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Anhydrous ethanol (≥99.0%), hydrochloric acid (4 M), trifluoroacetic acid (≥99.0%), ferrous sulfate (9 mM), hydrogen peroxide (0.3%), ethanolic solution of salicylic acid (5 mM), potassium ferricyanide, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and dialysis bags were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.
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2

Herbal Neuroprotection in Aging

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All herbs were purchased from Beijing Tongrentang Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and were authenticated by Xiaozhong Chen, associate professor of Heilongjiang University of Chinese medicine. D-galactose was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Piracetam was purchased from Tianjin Jinshi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; The primary antibodies for Bcl-2, Caspase-1, Bax, PSD95, SYP and β-actin were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α ELISA kits were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. DAPI purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
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3

Analytical Chemicals and Carbohydrate Standards

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Analytical grade chemicals, including ethanol, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, acetone, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Chromatographic grade solvents, including methanol (≥99.9 %) and acetonitrile (≥99.9 %) were purchased from Honeywell (Marris Township, NJ, USA). HPLC-grade formic acid (≥99 %) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from ROE Scientific (Newark, NJ, USA) and TEDIA (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA), respectively. Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), d-glucose, l-rhamnose, d-xylose, l-arabinose, d-mannose, l-fucose, d-galactose, d-galacturonic acid, and d-glucuronic acid were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China).
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4

Herbal Decoction for Neurodegenerative Conditions

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SCPE is our laboratory-made. Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Acorus tatarinowii Schott, Chinemys reevesii(Gray), Os Draconis are provided in Beijing Tong Ren Chinese Medicine co.Ltd. Drug Store (Harbin, China). Appraised by Associate Professor Chen Xiaozhong of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it meets the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Mix according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, decoct and concentrate to 1 g/ml for later use. Dgalactose was provided by Macklin Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); Estradiol was provided by Bayer Pharma Co., Ltd. (Leverkusen, Germany).
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5

Fluorescent Immunoassay for PSA Detection

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Gold chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), silver nitrate (AgNO3), cell culture-grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All saccharides including d-glucose, d-mannose, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-maltose, sucrose, and l-arabinose were acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated BSA (HRP-BSA) were obtained from Solarbio. Water-soluble amine-reactive N-hydroxysulfosuccinimidobiotin (sulfo-NHS-biotin) and streptavidin (SA) were bought from APExBIO. CF488A, CF555, and CF647 fluorescent dyes in NHS esters were attained from Biotium. Mouse anti-human PSA monoclonal antibody pairs (clones: 7H2 and 8A12 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively) and recombinant human PSA expressed in an E. coli system were purchased from GenScript. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) used in the study was 1 × dilution (10 mM Na2HPO4, 1.75 mM KH2PO4, 137 mM NaCl, and 2.65 mM KCl at pH 7.2–7.6) from a 20 × stock (Sangon Biotech) and autoclaved for sterilization before use unless otherwise noted. 18.2 MΩ-cm ultrapure Milli-Q® water (MilliporeSigma) was used in the entire study.
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