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13 protocols using ethyl acetate

1

Synthesis and Characterization of HMX and CL-20

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HMX material was provided by Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. of China. CL-20 material was provided from Qingyang Chemical Industry corporation. Ethyl acetate was purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory. Acetone was provided by Sichuan Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. of China. Ethanol was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Factory.
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2

Antioxidant Evaluation in Carp Model

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Heparin sodium (≥ 99%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO ≥ 99.7%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co., LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Butylated hydroxyanisole (analytical standard) was obtained from Shanghai Puzhen Biotech. Co., LTD (Shanghai, China). Ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol were analytical grade and purchased from the Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). Aqueous solutions of H2O2 (30%) and FeSO4 (analytical grade) were obtained from the Shanghai Chemical Reagent Factory (Shanghai, China). Physiological carp saline (PCS), which contained (in mmol/L) 141.10 NaCl, 1.43 KCl, 0.99 CaCl2, 2.64 NaHCO3, and 6.16 glucose, was prepared in our laboratory and modified to obtain a total osmolarity of 280 mOsm/L and a pH of 7.9. All of the other chemicals were analytical grade.
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3

Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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The following starting materials and reagents were used in this study: α-pinene (98%), glycolic acid (98%), D-(-)-lactic acid (90%), citric acid (99.5%), L (+)-tartaric acid (99.5%), DL-mandelic acid (99%), boric acid (98%). These compounds were purchased from Macklin and Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Acetic acid (99.5%), citric acid monohydrate (99.5%), ethyl acetate (99.8%) and sodium hydroxide (98%) were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China).
The reaction apparatus was an organic synthesis unit PPV-3000 (EYELA, Tokyo Rikakikai). In addition, a 7890A gas chromatograph (Agilent, USA), equipped with DB-FFAP quartz capillary chromatography column (60 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) (Agilent, USA). The TQ456 gas chromatograph was coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) (Bruker, USA) and a BR-5 elastic quartz capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm). The Avance III 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Bruker, Ferrandon, Switzerland).
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4

Trichlorfon Synthesis and Purification

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Ethyl acetate (AR), acetone (AR), cyclohexane (AR), and CuSO4·5H2O (AR) were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). Trichlorfon (≥90%) was provided by Shanghai Biochemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals used in this experiment were of analytical reagent grade (AR).
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5

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Natural Compounds

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Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, chloramphenicol (Beijing Solarbio Co., Ltd., China); ellagic acid, galic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, quercetin and theophyline (Shanghai Winherb Medical Science Co., Ltd., China); tannin acid (Tianjin Dongliqu Tianda Chemical Co., Ltd., China); ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd., China); sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, chloranil, vanillin, phosphomolybdic acid, sodium tungstate, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd., China); chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, USA).
Muller Hilton Agar (MHA) and nutrient broth (NB) (Qingdao Hope Bio- Technology Co., Ltd., China).
S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), S. paratyphi A, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Salmonella, L. enteritidis (S. enteritidis) (Microbial Culture Collection Center of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, China).
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6

Ammonium Sulfate-Mediated PVA Crosslinking

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PVA 1799, ammonium sulphate (NH4SO4, 95.0%) and ethyl acetate (99.5%) were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Company of Chengdu (Chengdu, China). ethyl acetate was physically dried over sodium sulphate. βCD was purchased from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Tianjin, China). HDI was purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China, 98.0%). Ultrapure water (UP water, resistivity > 18.0 MΩ·cm, 25 °C) was also used in this work.
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7

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extracts

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The BHT (analytical standard), heparin sodium (≥99%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.7%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co., LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). The EQ (≥90%) was obtained from Shanghai PuZhen Biotech. Co., LTD (Shanghai, China). Ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol were of analytical grade and purchased from the Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). Aqueous solutions of H2O2 (30%) and FeSO4 (analytical grade) were obtained from the Shanghai Chemical Reagent Factory (Shanghai, China). Physiological carp saline (PCS) which contained (in mmol/L) 141.10 NaCl, 1.43 KCl, 0.99 CaCl2, 2.64 NaHCO3, and 6.16 glucose, was modified to obtain a total osmolarity of 280 mOsm/L and pH of 7.9 and was prepared in our laboratory. All other chemicals were analytical grade.
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8

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery

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Cur, SH-ASA, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco® (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Ethyl acetate, methanol, and other organic solvents were purchased from ChengDu KeLong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, People’s Republic of China). The mPEG-PLGA copolymer with the designed molecular weight of 7,000 Da was previously synthesized in our lab. ES-2 human ovary clear cell carcinoma and SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). No ethics statement was required from the institutional review board for the use of these cell lines.
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9

Extraction and Analysis of Bergamot Fruit Compounds

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Fresh bergamot fruits and Laoxianghuang were purchased from the local market in Chaozhou, China. Standards of monosaccharide were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Standards of dextran were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standards of SCFAs (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ethyl acetate of HPLC grade was supplied by Chengdu Kelong chemical Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China), and methanol of HPLC grade was supplied by Tianjin shield special chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Other reagents were of analytical grade.
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10

Synthesis of Fluorescent Compounds

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p-phthalaldehyde (BDA), tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAM), and aniline were obtained from Leyan Chemical Company. 1, 4-dioxane, acetonitrile, and p-phthalic acid were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. Ltd. Sodium borohydride, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. All the chemical reagents are of analytical pure grade and directly used without any purification.
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