Q50 thermogravimetric analyzer

The thermal stability of p-WCT, MCNTs, and cellulose/MCNT composite films in nitrogen atmosphere was evaluated using a Q50 thermogravimetric analyzer (TA, United States). Heating speed of 15 °C/min and 5 mg film samples were used. The curves ranging from 50 °C to 800 °C were displayed.

We characterized bulk material thermal properties of P1 via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DSC was conducted using a DSC-Q100 (TA Instruments). Raw P1 (5 mg) was hermetically sealed into an aluminum sample pan (TA instruments) and subjected to a 10 °C/min heating/cooling cycle from −80 °C to 200 °C and back to −80 °C, which was repeated twice. The data in Fig. 4 are the final heating scan.
TGA was conducted using a Q50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TA Instruments). Raw P1 was placed in an alumina crucible and subjected to a 10 °C/min temperature ramp under N₂ up to 800 °C. All DSC and TGA data were analyzed using TA Universal Analysis software.

All HPLC separations were performed using Waters Alliance 2629 separation module (Milford, MA, USA), connected with an in-line degasser, a quaternary solvent pump, an autosampler, and a thermostated column compartment. A Waters PDA detector (model 2475) was used to record the signals at 254 nm. All the chromatographic separations were carried out by maintaining the column at room temperature. N-Acetylglucosamine functionalized-silica (GlcNAc-silica) slurry was packed in stainless-steel columns using a constant pressure pump from Shandon Southern Products Ltd. (Rincon, Cheshire, UK). Data acquisition was performed using Empower 2 (Build 2154) software (Waters Chromatography), and then the offline chromatographic data were processed using OriginPro v8.5.1 (Origin Lab Corp., Northhampton, MA, USA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were carried out for the characterization of GlcNAc-silica sorbent using attenuated total reflectance mode on a Nicolet IS50 FT-IR instrument from Thermo Scientific Co. (Waltham, MA, USA). Furthermore, the functionalization of silica with surface bound N-acetylglucosamine was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis using a Q-50 thermogravimetric analyzer from TA instruments (New Castle, DE, USA). Approximately 8–10 mg of the samples was heated from 20 °C to 900 °C at a heating rate of 20 °C per min with a 40 mL/min continuous nitrogen gas flow.

Thermogravimetric analysis was performed on a Q50 thermogravimetric analyzer (TA Instruments) to quantify the principal minerals in the shells, using a heating protocol of 10°C min⁻¹ up to 900°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70 mL min⁻¹. To this end, the material was dissolved in chloroform and the resulting supernatant and sediment were analyzed separately.

Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) for studying thermal stability at relatively low temperatures (<600 °C) were performed at a heating rate of 20 °C/min (sample weight ca. 5 mg) with a Q50 thermogravimetric analyzer of TA Instruments and under a flow of dry nitrogen. Test temperatures ranged from 50 to 600 °C.