Hydrodynamic size distributions and concentrations of nanoparticles were obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK) was used for measurements. Measurements were taken at 12 mm o.d. square polystyrene cuvettes. To obtain size distribution by intensity, the following constants were used: water viscosity, 0.8872 mPa·s; refractive index, 1.33, Al2O3 refractive index, 1.77; absorption, 0.001. Automatic sets from ZS Xplorer software were used during measurements. Ζ-potential measurements were obtained by Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Pana-lytical Ltd., Malvern, UK), using Folded Capillary Zeta Cell, at the temperature 25 °C. All measurements were made using automatic attenuation and automatic measurement process (the range of runs for each measurement from 10 to 100) from ZS Xplorer. The pause between repeats was 60 s. The equilibration time was 120 s.
Malvern zetasizer ultra
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Malvern Zetasizer Ultra is a state-of-the-art dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument used for the measurement of particle size, zeta potential, and molecular weight. It employs a combination of innovative optical and signal processing technologies to provide accurate and reliable results.
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Lab products found in correlation
Malvern mastersizer 3000, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Nanoassemblr ignite, by Precision Nanosystems (1 mentions)
Stain free sds page gel, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phospho l serine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
Dts1070 folded capillary cell, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Zs xplorer software, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Jem 1400 electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Cm100 tem, by Philips (1 mentions)
16 protocols using malvern zetasizer ultra
1
Nanoparticle Size and Charge Characterization
2
Zeta Potential Characterization of CN Samples
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The zeta potentials of the CN samples were measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). Before each analysis, the solid sample (5 mg) was dispersed in 50 mL of deionized water by ultrasonication for 5 min. The dispersed sample was placed in a sample container, which was then attached to a MPT-3 Multi-purpose titrator and titrated. A folded capillary cell DTS1070 was used for the zeta potential measurement, which was performed by a ZS XPLORER program using an automated titration system (titrator MPT-3, pH electrode type MV 114-S.C. SEN 0106, Malvern Instrument Ltd. (Worcestershire, UK); vacuum degasser, P/N, 8700-3480v3, Systec).
3
Particle Characterization by Zetasizer
4
Alhydrogel Size Distribution and Zeta Potential
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The size distribution of Alhydrogel as a function of lipid A analogue adsorption was determined using a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Instruments). First, 6 mL of dH2O was added to the sample chamber and a background measurement was taken. About 300 μl of Alhydrogel sample was injected for each measurement (Alhydrogel at 1 g/L) for a total light obscuration of ∼10%. A refractive index of 1.57 was used for Alhydrogel in the Mie scattering calculations for size determination. Size distribution of different formulations were reported by volume. Each sample was an average of ten instrumental replicates. Three independent sample measurements were performed. Zeta potential measurements were performed using a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments). One mL of sample was placed in a plastic disposable capillary cell and zeta potential measured with a 632 nm laser in a 173° backscatter configuration. Each sample was diluted 50-fold into water and the final value was an average of six instrumental replicates. The measurement was performed for three independent samples to obtain a standard deviation.
5
Characterizing Lignin Nanoparticle Properties
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The size and zeta potential of lignin nanoparticles seeded from Biolignin™ at various starting concentrations and with or without PLL coating were determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). For size and zeta potential measurements, each individual sample was measured once. The size of the lignin nanoparticles was determined by dynamic light scattering and the zeta potential by electrophoretic light scattering. The refractive index value of lignin used to determine zeta potential was 1.59 based on Donaldson [37 ]. The same instrument was also used to determine the dispersity of the LNP preparations, via multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of CS/LS Nanospheres
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CS/LS nanospheres (1:1 CS:LS) were prepared according to our previous work [31 (link)]. Briefly, 30 mL of both CS and LS solutions were stirred together at room temperature for 30 min. Then, 450 µL of the cross-linking solution were added gradually, and continued stirring for additional 30 min. The cross-linking agent is a mixture of formaldehyde and sulfuric acid (HCHO/H2SO4, 40/60 w/w). The resulting solution was purified by centrifuging at 10,000 rpm followed by washing five times with DI water to obtain CS/LS. The size and morphology of the CS/LS were characterized by FEI Quanta 650 FEG SEM (Hillsboro, OR, USA) and FEI Talos F200X TEM (Hillsboro, OR, USA). X-ray diffractogram (XRD) of CS/LS were measured by D8 Advance (Bruker AXS, Bremen, Germany). The X-ray diffractometer is equipped with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å) at 40 kV, 40 mA with a step scan of 0.02° per step and scanning speed of 1° min−1. The hydrodynamic radius and Zeta potential were measured by Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK).
7
Measuring Particle Size by Dynamic Light Scattering
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DLS is a non-invasive analytical technique for measuring the size of particles and molecules in suspension which undergo Brownian motion (random movement of particles). It requires accurate and stable temperature because of sample viscosity. The velocity of the Brownian motion is defined through a property known as the translational diffusion coefficient (D). The size of a particle (hydrodynamic diameter) is calculated from the translational diffusion coefficient by using the Stokes-Einstein equation. Measurements of all extracts were made on a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra from Malvern Panalytical, UK in a disposable folded capillary cells, thermostatted to 25 °C, at the non-invasive back scatter (NIBS, 173°).
8
Liposomal Enzyme Encapsulation and Characterization
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In addition, 3.2 mg/mL of each LysA, LysB, isoamylase, and α-amylase was mixed to achieve a final total protein concentration of 12.8 mg/mL total protein in a buffer containing 50 mM glycine, pH 8.50, 200 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 0.33 mM sodium citrate, 7.5 mM CaCl2, and 10% glycerol. Buffer components were purchased through Fisher Scientific. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (33.5%), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (33.5%), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS; 13%), and cholesterol (20%) were purchased through Avanti Polar Lipids and mixed in 100% ethanol to a final concentration of 3.3 mg/mL. The protein solution and lipid mix were assembled into liposomes using Precision NanoSystems NanoAssemblr Ignite (Vancouver, BC, Canada) and the payloaded liposomes were purified away from unencapsulated proteins and other material <750 kDa using TFF. Liposome diameter and polydispersity index were analyzed with the Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK), and final protein compositions were evaluated with SDS-PAGE stain-free gels (Bio-Rad).
9
Hydrodynamic Size of CeO2 Nanoparticles
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A Malvern ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) operating at a light source wavelength of 532 nm and a fixed scattering angle of 173° was used to measure the hydrodynamic size of CeO2 NPs. Measurements were conducted in 1 cm path cell and at 25 °C.
10
Zeta Potential Characterization Protocol
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ζ-potential measurements were obtained by Malvern Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK) at 25 °C, using ZS Xplorer software. All measurements were made using the automatic attenuation and automatic measurement process (range of runs for each measurement from 10 to 100). The pause between repeats was 60 s. The equilibration time was 120 s.
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