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L ascorbic acid

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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L-ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a chemical compound commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as an essential nutrient and antioxidant. L-ascorbic acid is a crystalline solid that is widely used in various scientific applications, including analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and cell culture studies.

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106 protocols using l ascorbic acid

1

Multilineage Differentiation of ASCs

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For adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (P3, n =3 independent donors) were seeded onto 5 cm cell culture dishes and cultivated in complete α-MEM medium with the addition of recombinant human FGF (50 ng/mL, PeproTech, Hamburg, Germany) until they reached the confluence of 80–90%. Subsequently, the regular culture medium was replaced with respective differentiation media for an additional 2–4 weeks. For adipogenic differentiation, ASCs were cultivated in MesenCultTM adipogenic differentiation medium (StemCell, Cologne, Germany), according to the supplier instructions. For osteogenic differentiation, the cells were cultured with low glucose DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Basel, Switzerland) supplemented with 0.1 μM dexamethasone, 10 mM glycerol phosphate, 50 μM L-ascorbic acid, 10% FBS, and 50 μg/mL gentamycin (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Basel, Switzerland). The chondrogenic differentiation medium consisted of high glucose DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Basel, Switzerland) supplemented with 50 μg/mL L-ascorbic acid, 40 μg/mL L-proline, 1% ITS™+ Premix (5 μg/mL insulin, 5 μg/mL transferrin, and 5 ng/mL selenious acid), 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, and 50 μg/mL gentamycin.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Cysteine-Rich Peptides

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Solvents for peptide synthesis and tetrahydrofuran for PySeSePy synthesis were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Fmoc-Cys(Acm)-OH, 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin SS (100–200 mesh), and 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU) for solid-phase synthesis were purchased from Advanced ChemTech (Louisville, KY). Fmoc-Cys(Mob)-OH was purchased from NovaBiochem (Burlington, MA). All other Fmoc-amino acids were purchased from RSsynthesis (Louisville, KY). L-Ascorbic acid (sodium salt), Triisopropylsilane (98%) and thioanisole (99%) scavengers, as well as selenium powder (200 mesh), 2-bromopyridyine (99%), and sodium borohydride for the synthesis of PySeSePy, were purchased from Acros Organics (Pittsburgh, PA). Guanylin was purchased from CPC Scientific (Sunnyvale, CA). All other chemicals were purchased from either Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). The HPLC system is from Shimadzu with a Symmetry® C18 −5 mm column from Waters Corp. (Milford, MA) (4.6 × 150 mm). Mass spectral analysis was performed on an Applied Biosystems QTrap 4000 hybrid triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (SciEx, Framingham, MA).
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3

Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication Protocol

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Platinum wire (50 μm diameter) and glass capillary tubes were
obtained from A-M Systems (Sequim, WA, USA). Polyimide capillaries with inner
diameter of 100 μm were obtained from Polymicro Technologies (Lisle, IL,
USA). Silver conducting epoxy was obtained from MG Chemicals (Ontario, Canada)
and 5-minute epoxy was obtained from Devcon (OH, USA). Glutamate oxidase
(GlutOx) (EC 1.4.3.11, 25 U/vial; from E. coli) was obtained
from Cosmo Bio USA, Inc. (Carlsbad, California, USA). Ascorbate oxidase (AsOx)
was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA USA). Silver wire, acetic acid,
L-ascorbic acid, uric acid, adenosine, dopamine, and
serotonin hydrochloride were obtained from Acros Organics (NJ, USA). Chitosan
from shrimp shells, o-phenylenediamine, albumin from bovine serum,
L-glutamic acid, and D-glucose anhydrous
were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Isothesia was obtained
from Henry Schein. Sulfuric acid was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn,
NJ, USA).
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4

Antioxidant Synthesis Protocol

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Reduced glutathione was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, L–ascorbic acid from Acros Organics, other chemicals were from Sigma. Solvents were from Fisher Scientific.
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5

Quantification of Bioactive Compounds

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Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was obtained from TransMIT (Geiben, Germany), L-Ascorbic acid (AA) from Acros Organics (Morris, NJ, USA), and Dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), hesperidin, narirutin, and eriocitrin from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid and methanol, both of them of HPLC grade, were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions.
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6

Synthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles

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Sodium borohydride (≥98.0%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (≥99.9%, HAuCl4·3H2O), trisodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (≥99.0%), N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (tiopronin), N-hydroxysuccinimide (98%, NHS, C4H5NO3), N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, C8H17N3·HCl), and fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (≥90%, FITC, C21H11NO5S) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). l-(+)-Ascorbic acid (99%) was supplied by Acros (USA). Amino-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2NH2, MW = 2000, 99%) was supplied by Beijing SeaskyBio Technology Company. Nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (MOS grade) were provided by Beijing Chemical Reagents Institute (China). Gold stock standard solution (1000 μg/mL) was obtained from the National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel, China. Unless otherwise noted, all chemicals were used as received without further purification, and Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm, Millipore System Inc.) was used throughout this study.
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7

Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recording of VIP Neurons in IC

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Whole-cell patch-clamp recording were performed in acutely prepared IC slices from VIP-IRES-Cre × Ai14 mice. Male (n = 18) and female (n = 15) mice aged P30 – P66 were used. Mice were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane and then rapidly decapitated. The brain was removed and the IC was dissected in 34 °C artificial cerebrospinal (ACSF) solution containing (in mM): 125 NaCl, 12.5 glucose, 25 NaHCO3, 3 KCl, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 1.5 CaCl2, 1 MgSO4, 3 sodium pyruvate and 0.40 L-ascorbic acid (Acros Organics), bubbled with 5% CO2 in 95% O2. 200 μm coronal slices containing the IC were cut using a vibrating microtome (VT1200S, Leica Biosystems). Slices were incubated at 34 °C for 30 min in ACSF bubbled with 5% CO2 in 95% O2 and then placed at room temperature for at least 30 min before initiating recordings. Recordings were targeted to tdToma-to-expressing VIP neurons in the central nucleus of the IC using a Nikon FN1 or Olympus BX51 microscope. All chemicals were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific unless otherwise noted.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles

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Sodium chloride (purity ≥ 99.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, purity ≥ 97%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, purity ≥ 99.8%), hydrochloric acid (36.5–38.0%), and nitric acid (68.0–70.0%) were used without further purification and purchased from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Propane-1,2-diol (purity ≥ 99.5%), L-Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6, purity ≥ 99.7%), and sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7, purity ≥ 99%) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Commercial wetting agent (type 2223) and dispersant agent (type 1186) were used in this study, supplied by Marvel Chemical Co. (Taipei, Taiwan). All chemicals were analytical grade and used as received.
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9

Endothelial Cell Culture and Characterization

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The following cells, reagents, and materials were used: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 1× Medium 199 (1× M199), fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, trypsin/EDTA, HEPES buffered saline solution (Lonza); endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Millipore); vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) (R&D Systems); rat tails (Pel-Freez Biologicals, Rogers AR); phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA); (poly)ethylenimine (PEI) (MW 750,000) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri); heparin solution, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), 10× Medium 199 (10× M199) (Invitrogen); Acetic Acid (Mallinckrodt Chemicals); L-ascorbic acid (Acros Organics, Atlanta, GA); Bovine Serum Albumin, Triton X-100 (MP Biomedicals, Inc., Solon, OH); (poly)-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Sylgard® 184, Dow Corning, Midland, Michigan); glass coverslips (Fisher Scientific); Sodium Hydroxyde (NaOH) (VWR); Biopsy Punches (Miltex by Kai); Glutaraldehyde (Fluka); Formaldehyde (Polysciences, Inc.).
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10

Polymer Vesicle Synthesis and Transformation

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All reagents and chemicals were used as received unless otherwise indicated. Styrene was distilled prior polymerization to remove the inhibitor. Anisole and N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine (PMDETA) were distilled prior to use. Ultra pure MilliQ water obtained with a Labconco Water Pro PS purification system (18.2 MΩ) was used for self-assembly of polymersomes and dialysis. Spectra/Por® Dialysis Membrane MWCO: 12-14,000 g/mol was used for dialysis of polymersomes and their shape transformation in stomatocytes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Mn ~ 10000 g mol−1) and potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) 99.9% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. L (+) ascorbic acid was purchased and used as received from Acros Organics.
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