Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC–MS), formic acid (for LC–MS) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Merck, Bulgaria). The reference standards used for compound identification were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) for p-coumaric, o-coumaric, ferulic acids, saponarin, homoorientin, orientin, rutin, isovitexin, isoquercitrin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, quercetin, and apigenin. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were supplied from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Bavaria, Germany).
Saponarin
Manufactured by Extrasynthese
Sourced in France
Saponarin is a laboratory reagent primarily used as a standard compound for analytical and research purposes. It serves as a reference material for the identification and quantification of saponarin in various samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Isovitexin, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Homoorientin, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Isoquercitrin, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Isorhamnetin 3 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
P coumaric, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
O coumaric, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 o rutinoside, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Luteolin 7 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Apigenin 7 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Folin cioc lteu reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aluminium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoorientin, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
5 protocols using saponarin
1
Compound Identification in Plant Extracts
2
Flavonoid Extraction, Characterization, and Anticancer Assessment
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Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, aluminium chloride, sodium acetate, and rutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Flavonoid references used for HPLC-DAD analysis (saponarin—purity ≥ 98%, isoorientin—purity ≥ 99%, and isovitexin—purity ≥ 99%) were obtained from Extrasynthèse (Lyon, France). Human cancerous cell lines (HeLa, A549) and human healthy cell line (WI-38) were obtained from the Laboratory of Medical Chemistry (GIGA Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium). All reagents used for cell culture assays were purchased from Bio-Whittaker-Lonza (Verviers, Belgium). Cell proliferation reagent (WST-1) was purchased from Roche (Bâle, Switzerland). Reagents for antioxidant assays were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Polyphenol Cytotoxicity in NS-SV-AC Cells
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The polyphenols saponarin, schaftoside, and isoschaftoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (1238S, 1369, 1354, Genay Cedex, France), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. NS-SV-AC cells were cultured on a 100-mm culture dish. The cells were stimulated with 1, 10, and 100 μM of three different polyphenols and DMSO as the vehicle control for 48 h. A trypan blue exclusion test was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of polyphenols.
To examine cell viability, NS-SV-AC cells were seeded onto 6-well plates at a density of 8.0 × 105 cells/well and stimulated with the previously mentioned three concentrations of polyphenols for 48 h. The cell proliferation assay was performed with the Cell Count Reagent SF (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The absorbance of the water-soluble formazan produced in proportion to the number of viable cells was measured with a plate reader (Wallac 1420 ARVO SX; PerkinElmer, Boston, MA).
To examine cell viability, NS-SV-AC cells were seeded onto 6-well plates at a density of 8.0 × 105 cells/well and stimulated with the previously mentioned three concentrations of polyphenols for 48 h. The cell proliferation assay was performed with the Cell Count Reagent SF (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The absorbance of the water-soluble formazan produced in proportion to the number of viable cells was measured with a plate reader (Wallac 1420 ARVO SX; PerkinElmer, Boston, MA).
4
Saponarin Modulates Inflammatory Responses
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Saponarin (purity > 98%) was obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), and trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Biowest (Kansas City, MO, USA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), monoclonal anti-DNP-IgE, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 4-nitrophenyl n-acetyl-b-d-glucosaminide (p-NAG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DNP-BSA was procured from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Recombinant human TNF-α and IFN-γ were purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Primary anti-bodies against ERK, JNK, p38, Lyn, Syk, PLCγ, STAT1, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, p-STAT1, p-Lyn, p-Syk, p-PLCγ, and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Primary antibody against TSLP was purchased from ABclonal (Woburn, MA, USA). Primary antibodies against FcεRIγ were purchased from LSBio (Seattle, WA, USA). The SensiFAST SYBR No-ROX kit mix was purchased from Biolines (Seoul, Korea). RAW264.7 (ATCC® TIB-71) and RBL-2H3 (ATCC® CRL-2256) cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). HaCaT cells were obtained from Byoung-Woo Lim of Konkuk University, Korea.
5
Analytical Standards for Phytochemical Analysis
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Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC-MS), formic acid (HPLC grade) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Germany). The standards of orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol 3-glucoside (astragalin) (≥ 99 % HPLC purity), saponarin and kaempferol-3-rutinoside (≥ 98 % HPLC purity were provided from Extrasynthese (France).
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