Calf thymus double stranded dna dsdna

Coptisine (Figure S1) was extracted by the Department of Medicinal Chemistry of our institute, and its structure was confirmed by the analysis of physical and chemical properties and spectral evidence. Pristane, norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), dihydroethidium (DHE), calf thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), total calf thymus histone, goat anti-mouse IgG, and bull serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Smith (Sm) antigen was purchased from RayBiotech, Inc. (Norcross, GA, USA). TMB substrate and RIPA Buffer (10×) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, USA). BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Applygen Technologies Inc. (Beijing, China). Enhanced chemiluminescence reagent kit was purchased from CWBIO (Beijing, China). All other reagents were of analytical purity. Information regarding antibodies used in this study are listed in Table S1.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd (015–15103, Osaka, Japan). Calf thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was purchased from Sigma. The stock solutions of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) were prepared by the acid-treatment (1 mM HCl) of HNE dimethyl acetal, which was synthesized according to the procedure indicated in a previous study (54 ). 4-Oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) was synthesized from 2-pentylfuran according to a previous study (55 (link)). 1,4-Butanedial (BDA) was synthesized from 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran according to a previously described method (56 ). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was synthesized from 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane according to a previous study (57 (link)). Other aldehydes were purchased from the following sources: acrolein (TCI, A0137); croton aldehyde (Wako, 039–07033); 2-pentenal (Sigma, 269255); 2-hexenal (Wako, 080-06882); 2-heptenal (Sigma, 324140); 2-octenal (Sigma, 269956); 2-nonenal (Sigma, 255653); 2-decenal (Wako, 047-20132); methylglyoxal (Sigma, M0252). Biotin-PE-maleimide was purchased from Dojindo (340-09171). All other reagents used in the study were of analytical grade and obtained from commercial sources.

All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich and Merck. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), calf thymus single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and calf thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Milli-Q ultrapure water was used to freshly prepare all aqueous solutions. The stock solutions of ssDNA and dsDNA were prepared in Tris-HCl buffer solution (TBS) (pH 7.00) and kept frozen. Diluted solutions of ssDNA or dsDNA were prepared in 0.50 M acetate buffer solution (ABS) containing 20 mM NaCl (pH 4.80). The stock solution of BSA was prepared in ultrapure distilled water. Diluted BSA solutions were prepared in 0.05 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing 20 mM NaCl (pH 7.40).