Qualitative variables are expressed as frequency counts and percentages. Quantitative variables are expressed as the median and 1st–3rd quartile. Proportions were compared using the χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous variable were tested using parametric (t test) and non-parametric test (Mann–Whitney U test) when appropriate. To calculate the propensity score of receiving TDF, we fitted a logistic model including age, sex, obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic cardiopathy, HBeAg presence, detectable HBV DNA, and advanced fibrosis [17 (link)]. Then, we used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) propensity score method to compare COVID-19 severity between patients receiving TDF or ETV. We assessed the balance of covariates by an overidentification test and by calculating raw and weighted standardized differences. Need for intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilatory support, and mortality were explored by bivariate analysis due to the low number of events. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics package version 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).
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19 protocols using spss statistics package version 22
1
Propensity Score Analysis of TDF Versus ETV in COVID-19 Severity
2
Repositioning Errors in Knee Joints
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We report the data as mean ± SD. The analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics Package (version 22.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). To statistically investigate the difference between conditions of CG position (AK, BK, WK, CON) in each type (absolute, constant and variable) of repositioning error (the dependent measure), one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used, with a level of significance set at p < 0.05. Furthermore, to detect if repositioning errors differ between the experimental (Experimental_CON) and control (Control_CON) leg in the absence of CG, paired samples t-tests were performed. Also, t-tests were used to detect the effects of CGs on thigh and calf CSA. Cohen's effect size, d, was also computed as appropriate.
To detect if the effect of the CG position was consistent for the dominant right and non-dominant left leg, a group (CompDom/ CompNon-Dom) × CG position (AK, BK, WK, CON) analyses of variance (rANOVAs) with repeated measures on CG position was conducted in each type of error, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons resulting in a significance level set at p < 0.05. Additionally, effect sizes of the independent variables were expressed using partial eta squared (η p 2 ) (Peat, Barton, & Elliott, 2008) . Results were interpreted by 95% confidence intervals.
To detect if the effect of the CG position was consistent for the dominant right and non-dominant left leg, a group (CompDom/ CompNon-Dom) × CG position (AK, BK, WK, CON) analyses of variance (rANOVAs) with repeated measures on CG position was conducted in each type of error, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons resulting in a significance level set at p < 0.05. Additionally, effect sizes of the independent variables were expressed using partial eta squared (η p 2 ) (Peat, Barton, & Elliott, 2008) . Results were interpreted by 95% confidence intervals.
3
Survival Analysis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
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Statistical analyses were performed using the independent t test, chi-squared test, and Fisher exact test. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated from the date of surgery until first recurrence or to the last date of follow-up if GIST had not recurred. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of any death or the last available follow-up. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with RFS and OS, using the forward stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model. All tests were 2-sided, and a P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Package, version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).
4
Blood Cytometry Data Analysis
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The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to determine if the blood cytometry data presented Gaussian distribution. [38 (link)]. This test was performed on the analyses of samples smaller than 50 [39 (link)]. Since the data obtained in the study showed non-normal distribution, the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test was performed [40 (link)]. p<0.05 indicated statistical significance. All analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS statistics package, version 22.0.
5
Genetic Polymorphism Analysis Protocol
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The statistical analyses for the polymorphisms were done with the online tool for SNP analysis, SNPStats (https://www.snpstats.net/start.htm? http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net/SNPstats ). The best inheritance model was chosen according to the lowest values of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Continuous variables were expressed as means and standard deviations. Differences between groups were determined by unpaired t-tests after verification of normal distribution, or converted to normalize the data.
The association of SNPs in matched case-control samples was tested using χ2 analysis and calculation of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All tests were performed using the SPSS statistics package version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and Epi Info™ statistics package version 7 (Atlanta, GA, United States). Significant statistical differences were assumed in all cases having adjusted P < 0.05.
The association of SNPs in matched case-control samples was tested using χ2 analysis and calculation of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All tests were performed using the SPSS statistics package version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and Epi Info™ statistics package version 7 (Atlanta, GA, United States). Significant statistical differences were assumed in all cases having adjusted P < 0.05.
6
Glycine Supplement Efficacy on Poultry
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Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics package version 22 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, United States). The main effects and interactions between glycine supplement, Eimeria challenge and Cp challenge on bird performance were examined by analysis of variance using the General Linear Model. Lesion score data were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test as they were not normally distributed. Treatment means were separated using the Tukey multiple range test where appropriate. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.
7
Poultry NE Challenge Additive Effects
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Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics package version 22 (IBM Corporation). The study employed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. Factors were NE challenge (no or yes), and additives (none, YCW and AB). Main effects and interactions were examined by analysis of variance, using the General Linear Model. Mortality and intestinal lesion score data were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, as the data were not normally distributed. Treatment means were separated using Tukey HSD post hoc test where appropriate. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.
8
Survival Analysis of Gastric Cancer
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Associations between protein expression levels was assessed using Spearman's rho test. Associations with survival of clinical and molecular features as continuous variables on a univariate basis, and multivariate basis using the backward conditional selection, were calculated using the Cox's proportional hazard model method. All patients included in the study were at least 5 years post‐surgery with available follow‐up data. Overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method for patients and statistical differences were analyzed by a log‐rank test. To generate the survival curves for membranous PD‐L1, and CD3/CD4/CD8 tumor and stroma, we used the median of the values; those lesser than the median was determined as low and those equal or above the median was determined as high. Only death from GC was considered as an event. The follow‐up times of patients who were alive or who had died of other causes were censored at the date of last follow‐up. Statistical significance was considered at P < .05. Analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics Package version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA).
9
Supraglottic SCC Neck Dissection Outcomes
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This was a retrospective study. Patients undergoing level II through IV elective neck dissection for supraglottic SCC between 2002 and 2014 were enrolled. The study was conducted at the tertiary center of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Valiasr Hospital at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All patients were classified as N0, meaning that they had no cervical lymph node metastasis in the clinical and radiological evaluation.
After meeting the inclusion criteria, 56 patients were enrolled. Histopathological examination of all samples was performed at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini complex. Grading of tumors was based on direct laryngoscopy and biopsy, imaging and pathologic reports (T1–T4). Exclusion criteria were incomplete patient profile and the pathology reports from other centers. The associations between lymph node involvement and tumor grade, smoking, and gender were also assessed.
The IBM SPSS statistics package version 22 was used for analysis. A Chi-square test was used for the analysis of the associations between qualitative variables.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the National Medical Ethics Committee according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
After meeting the inclusion criteria, 56 patients were enrolled. Histopathological examination of all samples was performed at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini complex. Grading of tumors was based on direct laryngoscopy and biopsy, imaging and pathologic reports (T1–T4). Exclusion criteria were incomplete patient profile and the pathology reports from other centers. The associations between lymph node involvement and tumor grade, smoking, and gender were also assessed.
The IBM SPSS statistics package version 22 was used for analysis. A Chi-square test was used for the analysis of the associations between qualitative variables.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the National Medical Ethics Committee according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
10
Surgical Procedures Evaluation with SPSS
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The collected data were analysed using SPSS Statistics Package Version 22 (IBM Corp., New York, USA). Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous and categorical variables. Continuous variables are displayed as the mean values and standard deviations (SD) as well as the median and range, as most of the data were not normally distributed. Categorical factors are shown as frequencies (n) with percentages in brackets. Testing for differences between different types of operations of categorical factors was performed by Pearson's chi-square test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Sample size calculation was based on analysis with ANOVA (Cohen`s f = 0.2; alpha level 0.05; power 0.7). A total of 198 test items were calculated, with 66 test items per intervention group, resulting in 33 surgical procedures.
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