Audiological tests were performed in a standard anechoic chamber with a pure-tone audiometer (Interacoustics AD229b; Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens, Denmark) at frequencies ranging from 250 to 8000 Hz. Using an acoustic emmittance measurement apparatus (Interacoustics AT235h; Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens), auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded ipsilaterally in response to click stimuli presented at 100 dBnHL (Interacoustics Eclipse EP2; Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens). Additionally, a distortion product otoacoustic emissions system (DPOAE; 2f1–f2; Interacoustics DPOAE20 + TEb; Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens Denmark) was used, where f2/f1 = 1.22; the level for f1 was 65 dB SPL, and the level for f2 was 50 dB SPL (DP S/N: 5 dB SPL). Ear endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to exclude deafness caused by anatomical abnormalities of the middle and inner ear.
Ad229b
Manufactured by Interacoustics
Sourced in Denmark
The AD229b is a versatile diagnostic audiometer designed for comprehensive hearing assessments. It features pure tone, speech, and impedance audiometry capabilities to aid in the evaluation of hearing function.
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5 protocols using ad229b
1
Comprehensive Audiological Evaluation Protocol
2
Pure-tone Audiometry for Hearing Evaluation
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Pure-tone air conduction audiometry was conducted using an Interacoustics diagnostic audiometer (AD229b), using TDH-39 headphones, in a single sound-treated audiology booth in a quiet office. Pure-tone thresholds were measured by presenting tones at each octave point frequency (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz), using the modified Hughson-Westlake procedure (Martin & Clark, 2003 ). Those participants who had audiometric thresholds lower than 26 dB from 250 Hz to 8000 Hz were considered to have hearing within normal limits, or a minimal hearing loss. The classification of degree of hearing loss was obtained from Silman and Silverman's (1991 ) classification system. Pure-tone average (PTA) per ear was calculated from the sum of hearing thresholds at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz, divided by three and rounded off to within one decimal place for each ear (Martin & Clark, 2003 ). Participants with hearing thresholds outside normal limits were excluded from the study at this point.
Exclusion was ear-specific because of the presence of hearing loss. Only participants who met the specified selection criteria were selected for this portion of the study (n = 101).
Exclusion was ear-specific because of the presence of hearing loss. Only participants who met the specified selection criteria were selected for this portion of the study (n = 101).
3
Psychophysical Experiment: Auditory Perception
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The experiment was written in Octave using the Psychophysics Toolbox extensions (Brainard, 1997; Pelli, 1997; (link)Kleiner et al., 2007) (link) and the PSYCHOACOUSTICS extensions (Soranzo & Grassi, 2014) (link). The software was implemented with an ASUS computer (Cpu Intel i5 650 3.20 GHz, Motherboard Asus P7H55-V RAM 4 GB, Graphic Card AMD Radeon HD 5700 Series, OS Windows 7 Professional 64 bit). The computer was connected to a monitor (NEC MultiSync FE950þ) and M-AUDIO FastTrack Pro sound card. The output of the sound card was delivered to a pair of Sennheiser HDA 300 headphones. The audiometer for the audiometric screening of the participants was an Interacoustics AD229b. Audiometric screening and experiment were run inside a single walled IAC sound proof booth. The code for running the experiment is available from: h t t p s : / / o s f . i o / b g 4 9 u / ? vi e w _ o n l y = e 1 a e a 4 f c c 5 e b4784b9dd98426918f547
4
Comprehensive Audiological Evaluation Protocol
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Audiological tests were performed in a standard anechoic chamber with a pure-tone audiometer (Interacoustics, AD229b, Manufactured by Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens Denmark) at frequencies ranging from 250–8000 Hz. Using an acoustic emmittance measurement apparatus (Interacoustics, AT235 h, Manufactured by Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens Denmark), ABR was recorded ipsilaterally in response to click stimuli presented at 90 dBnHL (ABR, Interacoustics, Eclipse EP2, Manufactured by Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens Denmark), and DPOAE (2f1–f2) (Interacoustics, DPOAE20+TEb, Manufactured by Interacoustics A/S DK-5610 Assens Denmark, f2/f1 = 1.22; the level for f1 was 65 dB spl and the level for f2 was 50 dB spl. DP S/N: 5 dB SPL) was used. Ear endoscopy, CT scans, and MRI were used to exclude deafness caused by anatomical abnormalities of the middle and inner ear.
5
Standardized Hearing Screening Protocol
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Hearing screening was performed by an audiologist using a mobile audiometer (AD229b Interacoustics®) and DD45 (Radioear®) headphones according to ISO standard 8253‐1:2010. The audiological examination was carried out in a classroom where sound measurements had been performed by an acoustic engineer to rule out any noise or background sounds that would interfere with the audiological measurements. Pure tone audiometry with threshold determination was carried out at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz (air conduction) up to a maximum of 90 dB HL. The screening threshold was set to 20 dB HL. The pure tone average (PTA4) was calculated from 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The pure tone average for high‐frequency hearing thresholds was calculated from 4, 6, and 8 kHz (PTAh3). High‐frequency hearing loss was defined as a PTAh3 > 25 dB HL. All study subjects were examined with an otoscope prior to hearing screening. Otoscopic ear pathologies, such as perforation, cerumen, or draining ear, were noted.
Grading of hearing loss according to the World Health Organization (WHO) was applied (pure tone average, PTA4, in the better ear) as follows: mild hearing loss was from 26 to 40 dB, moderate hearing loss was from 41 to 60 dB, and severe hearing loss was >60 dB HL.11
Grading of hearing loss according to the World Health Organization (WHO) was applied (pure tone average, PTA4, in the better ear) as follows: mild hearing loss was from 26 to 40 dB, moderate hearing loss was from 41 to 60 dB, and severe hearing loss was >60 dB HL.
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