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2 protocols using p1873

1

Immunofluorescence Staining and Cell Morphometry

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Cells were washed three times with PBS, fixed for 15 min at room temperature with 4% paraformaldehyde, washed with PBS, and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with 1% normal goat serum (Wako) and 1% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS to block nonspecific binding of antibodies before staining with primary antibodies according to standard procedures. Primary antibodies included rabbit monoclonal antibodies to ITGα5 (1:200 dilution; ab150361, Abcam) as well as rabbit polyclonal antibodies to perilipin A/B (1:500 dilution; P1873, Sigma-Aldrich) and to FN (1:800 dilution; F3648, Sigma-Aldrich). Secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 or Alexa Fluor 594 were obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). F-actin was stained with Alexa Fluor 488– or Alexa Fluor 594–labeled phalloidin (200 U/ml, Molecular Probes) in PBS. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich) at 5 μg/ml and were observed with an FV10i confocal laser-scanning microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Using the images of the actin cytoskeleton, the cell boundary was manually traced and the roundness (4 × area/[π × major axis length2]) of the individual cells was quantified with ImageJ/FIJI software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
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2

Histological Evaluation of Bone and Vascular Calcification

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The femora and abdominal aortas were fixed for 48 h with 4% PFA, decalcified for one week in 18% EDTA (for bone only) and embedded in paraffin after dehydration. 5 μm-thick femoral sections were made and processed for PLIN immunostaining using the antibody from Sigma-Aldrich (P1873; 1:300), immunohistochemical staining for OCN using the antibody from Servicebio (ab93876; 1:200; Wuhan, China), and TRAP staining with a kit from Sigma-Aldrich (387A). 5 μm-thick aortic sections were obtained and stained with Von Kossa reagent (G3282; Solarbio), ARS reagent (G1452; Solarbio), or RUNX2 antibody (12556; 1:800; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA). Secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (7074; 1:200) or Jackson Immuno Research (711-545-152 or 711-585-152; 1:400). Images were obtained under an optical microscope (Olympus CX31, Tokyo, Japan) or a Zeiss ApoTome fluorescence microscope. The number of adipocytes per square millimeter of marrow tissue (N. AdCs/Ar/mm2), the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts per millimeter of bone surface (N. OBs/BS/mm and N. OCs/BS/mm), and the percentages of Von Kossa+, ARS+, and RUNX2+ areas for each aortic section were quantified.
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