Rac1 antiserum

Rabbit polyclonal antibody for phospho-p38MAPK [Thr 180/Tyr 182] and total-p38MAPK and mouse monoclonal antibody for CD36 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology [Santa Cruz, CA]. Phospho-p53, total-p53 and cleaved caspase-3 antibodies were from Cell Signaling [Danvers, MA]. IRDye^® 800CW anti-rabbit and anti-mouse secondary antibodies were from LICOR [Lincoln, NE]. Metformin hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Rac1 antiserum was from BD Transduction Laboratories [San Jose, CA]. Antisera against cleaved caspase-3, lamin B, Phospho and total p53 and Myc tag were from Cell Signaling [Danvers, MA]. Mouse monoclonal β-actin antibody was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich [St. Louis, MO]. GGTI-2147 was from VDM biochemicals [Bedford Heights, OH]. EHT 1864 was from R&D Systems [Minneapolis, MN]. NE-PER^® Nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction kit was from Thermo Scientific [Waltham, CA]. Lipofectamine 3000 was from Invitrogen [Carlsbad, CA]. All other reagents used in the studies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich [St. Louis, MO].

Antisera against VAV2 and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), respectively. Enhanced chemiluminescence kits were obtained from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ, USA). Rac1 antiserum was obtained from BD Transduction Laboratories (San Jose, CA, USA). Donkey anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Life technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). The rat insulin ELISA kit was obtained from American Laboratory Products Co (Windham, NH, USA). The G protein linked immunosorbent assay (G-LISA) kit used for the Rac1 activation assay was obtained from Cytoskeleton (Denver, CO, USA). Vav2 siRNA and scrambled siRNA were obtained from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ehop-016 was synthesised as previously described [29 (link)]. SU6656 was obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA).