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San plus system

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The San Plus System is a laboratory equipment designed for the analysis and processing of samples. It provides functionalities for sample preparation, separation, and detection.

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Lab products found in correlation

Multi n c 3100 toc tn analysator, by Analytik Jena (2 mentions)

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San++ System (25 citations) SAN plus (17 citations)

7 protocols using san plus system

1

Soil Biogeochemical and Enzymatic Assays

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Soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil-H2O suspension using a glass electrode (Thomas, 1996 ). The NH4+, NO2- and NO3- in the K2SO4 extracts were determined colorimetrically on a San Plus System–SKALAR automatic analyzer (Mulvaney, 1996 ). The CO2 trapped in 1 M NaOH was determined by titration with 0.1 M HCl (Jenkinson and Powlson, 1976 (link)). The soil microbial biomass carbon was determined as described by Vance et al. (1987) (link).
The potential activity of dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, urease and protease (PRO), enzymes involved in the degradation of organic material was determined with spectrophotometric methods. Dehydrogenase and protease activity was measured as described by Rangaswamy et al. (1994) (link), acid phosphatase determined based on the method of Tabatabai (1994) and urease activity with the technique reported by Kandeler et al. (1999b) (link). Corresponding calibration curves were generated for each enzymatic activity and each test included a control and six replicates.
Moreno-Espíndola I.P., Ferrara-Guerrero M.J., Luna-Guido M.L., Ramírez-Villanueva D.A., De León-Lorenzana A.S., Gómez-Acata S., González-Terreros E., Ramírez-Barajas B., Navarro-Noya Y.E., Sánchez-Rodríguez L.M., Fuentes-Ponce M., Macedas-Jímenez J.U, & Dendooven L. (2018). The Bacterial Community Structure and Microbial Activity in a Traditional Organic Milpa Farming System Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2737.
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2

Nutrient Content Analysis of Wild Type and Transgenic Plants

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All plants (the wild type and T2 transgenic lines) were harvested after treatment, separated into roots and shoots, and then dried at 70°C for 3 d. Tissues were weighed and digested with 98% H2SO4 (v/v) and 30% H2O2 (v/v) at 300°C. Total N content was determined using the Kjeldahl N assay (Xia et al., 2015 (link)). Both N and P determination were conducted using a continuous flow analyzer (SKALAR, SKALAR San plus system) as previously described (Wang et al., 2020a (link)). Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (Yang et al., 2016 (link)).
Wang F., Wang Y., Ying L., Lu H., Liu Y., Liu Y., Xu J., Wu Y., Mo X., Wu Z, & Mao C. (2023). Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies coordinated responses to nitrogen and phosphate deficiency in rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1164441.
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3

Measuring Plant Nutrient Concentrations

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We measured the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium (K), and sodium (Na) in the harvested shoot biomass of all plants in a subset of four randomly selected blocks. The concentrations of plant nutrients N, P, and K were measured to explore whether nutrient limitation could explain the plant biomass at higher soil salinity (Colmer & Flowers, 2008; Rozema, van Manen, Vugts, & Leusink, 1983). Concentrations of Na were measured to explore whether ionic stress played a role in explaining the treatment effect (Munns & Termaat, 1986). The harvested shoot biomass, which includes dead and alive biomass, was first gently rinsed with distilled water to remove any residual salt spray. The dried shoot material (70°C) was pulverized and digested with H2SO4, salicylic acid, H2O2, and selenium. Subsequently N and P concentrations were measured colorimetrically using a continuous flow analyser (SKALAR SAN plus system, The Netherlands). K and Na were measured by flame atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) (Walinga, Vark, Houba, & van der Lee, 1989).
van Puijenbroek M.E., Teichmann C., Meijdam N., Oliveras I., Berendse F, & Limpens J. (2017). Does salt stress constrain spatial distribution of dune building grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elytrichia juncea on the beach?. Ecology and Evolution, 7(18), 7290-7303.
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4

Comprehensive Benthic Ecosystem Analysis

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Macrobenthos was sorted, identified to the lowest possible taxon (usually species level) and counted. The organic matter content was calculated by measuring the loss of weight on ignition in a furnace at 450ºC for 4 h. In order to study the sediment grain size, samples were dried and then sieved. The following sedimentary fractions were considered: coarse gravel (> 4 mm), fine gravel (2-4 mm), very coarse sand (1-2 mm), coarse sand (0.5-1 mm), medium sand (0.25-0.5 mm), fine sand (0.125-0.25 mm), very fine sand (0.063-0.125 mm) and silt/clay (< 0.063 mm). Then, the median particle size (Md; Bale and Kenny, 2005) and sorting coefficient of the sediment (QDΦ; Yamanaka et al., 2012) were calculated. Nutrient analyses were done directly in filtered seawater samples by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry using a segmented flux autoanalyser (San Plus System, Skalar) . The concentrations of NO 3 , PO 4 and NH 3 were determined according to Skalar methods M461-318 (EPA 353.2), M155-008R (EPA 350.1) and M503-555R (Standard Method 450-P I) (Skalar, 2004) .
Veiga P., Redondo W., Sousa-Pinto I, & Rubal M. (2017). Relationship between structure of macrobenthic assemblages and environmental variables in shallow sublittoral soft bottoms. Marine environmental research, 129.
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5

Nitrate Determination in Plant Samples

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Ground, freeze-dried root and shoot samples (20–30mg sample–1) were extracted at 80°C in de-ionised water. After centrifugation and passage through a 0.2 µm filter, nitrate was measured on a Skalar Continuous Flow Analyser (Skalar SANPLUS System, Skalar, UK).
Buchner P, & Hawkesford M.J. (2014). Complex phylogeny and gene expression patterns of members of the NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(19), 5697-5710.
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6

Soil Water Content and Nitrogen Analysis

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Gravimetric soil water content was determined by drying the soil samples at 105 °C until constant weight. Soil WFPS was calculated from bulk density and volumetric soil moisture content using a particle density of 2.65 g cm -3 . Approximately 20 g of soil was extracted with 50 ml 0.5 M K 2 SO 4 for measuring mineral N (exchangeable NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N), DOC, and dissolved TN at each sampling time point as described by Dannenmann et al. (2009) . Quantification of DOC was based on an infrared detector (Multi N/C 3100 TOC/TN-Analysator, Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) (Dannenmann et al. 2009 ). The concentrations of exchangeable NH 4 + and NO 3 -were determined using continuous flow injection colorimetry (Skalar San plus system, Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, Netherland) in a commercial laboratory (Landwirtschaftliches Labor Dr. Janssen, Gillersheim, Germany). Moreover, MBC and MBN contents in soil samples were measured using the chloroform fumigation-extraction method (Dannenmann et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2014) .
Wu X., Chen Z., Kiese R., Fu J., Gschwendter S., Schloter M., Liu C., Butterbach‐Bahl K., Wolf B., & Dannenmann M. (2020). Dinitrogen (N2) pulse emissions during freeze-thaw cycles from montane grassland soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 56(7), 959-972.
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7

Soil Water Content and Nitrogen Analysis

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Gravimetric soil water content was determined by drying the soil samples at 105 °C until constant weight. Soil WFPS was calculated from bulk density and volumetric soil moisture content using a particle density of 2.65 g cm -3 . Approximately 20 g of soil was extracted with 50 ml 0.5 M K 2 SO 4 for measuring mineral N (exchangeable NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N), DOC, and dissolved TN at each sampling time point as described by Dannenmann et al. (2009) . Quantification of DOC was based on an infrared detector (Multi N/C 3100 TOC/TN-Analysator, Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) (Dannenmann et al. 2009 ). The concentrations of exchangeable NH 4 + and NO 3 -were determined using continuous flow injection colorimetry (Skalar San plus system, Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, Netherland) in a commercial laboratory (Landwirtschaftliches Labor Dr. Janssen, Gillersheim, Germany). Moreover, MBC and MBN contents in soil samples were measured using the chloroform fumigation-extraction method (Dannenmann et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2014) .
Wu X., Chen Z., Kiese R., Fu J., Gschwendter S., Schloter M., Liu C., Butterbach-Bahl K., Wolf B, & Dannenmann M. (2020). Dinitrogen (N2) pulse emissions during freeze-thaw cycles from montane grassland soil. Biol Fertil Soils., 56(7).
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