Distilled water (Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Factory, Ethiopia), methanol and chloroform (Research Lab Fine Industries, India), glacial acetic acid, ammonia, hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride (BDH Laboratory Supplies Poole, England), acetic anhydride and Mayer‟s reagent (May and Baker LTD Dagenham, England), and Dragendroff‟s reagent and sulfuric acid (Fisher Scientific,UK), Cimetidine (Addis pharmaceutical company, Ethiopia), Ethanol (Dallul pharmaceutical, Ethiopia), Indomethacin (Leben, Laboratories, India). Phenophthalein indicator (Goenka chemical industry, India), sodium hydroxide (BDH, chemical lab, England), Alcian Blue (Arnish, Laborates, India), Sucrose (JHD, China), Magnesium chloride (Carbo Erba, Italy), Diethyl ether (Lobal, chemi, India) were used in the study.
Sodium hydroxide (naoh)
Manufactured by BD
Sourced in United Kingdom
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by BD (4 mentions)
Methanol, by BD (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by BD (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by BD (3 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by BD (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by BD (2 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by BD (2 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by BD (2 mentions)
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by BD (2 mentions)
Silica gel, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nano3, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Dragendroff s reagent and sulfuric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
24 protocols using sodium hydroxide (naoh)
1
Phytochemical Screening of Cimetidine
2
Selenium Nanoparticle Synthesis
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The SeNPs were synthesized according to the method described by Zhang et al. [22 (link)] with minor modifications. The chemical used in the process includes selenium dioxide, ascorbic acid (Sigma–Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) and sodium hydroxide (BDH, Dubai, United Arab Emirates). Briefly, selenious acid solution (0.25 M) was prepared by dissolving selenium dioxide (Sigma–Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) in deionized water. Afterwards, ascorbic acid (0.05 M) (Sigma–Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) was added drop-wise to the selenious acid solution under constant mechanical stirring to initiate the reaction. sodium hydroxide solution (1 M) was added to the solution to increase its pH. The formation of SeNPs was indicated by the change in color from colorless to bright red. The solution was centrifuged to separate the SeNPs which were washed with deionized water. The SeNPs were dried and stored in a clean vial for further use. The SeNPs were spherical with size ranging between 40 to 75 nm.
3
Oral Zinc Isotope Dose Preparation
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Trace element-free sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide (BDH Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada) and high-purity distilled deionized water filtered through a 0.22 mm Millipore filtration system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) were used throughout the preparation of the oral doses of Zn isotopes. All laboratory work was completed in a clean laboratory under a laminar flow hood. Acid-washed glassware and plastics were used throughout. Isotopes of 70Zn were obtained as 70Zn-Asp ((C4H6NO4)270Zn), 70ZnSO4, and 70Zn-Glu (C12H22O14Zn), all at 72% isotopic purity, (Sigma Aldrich, Custom Synthesis service, Milano, Italy).
The isotopes complexes were tested for sterility and pyrogenicity by the pharmacy of INRCA and encapsulated in gelatin. The oral capsules had a final total amount of 2.0 mg of 70Zn, with each one independently in the form of the complex. The oral doses were consumed in the morning with an individual milk feed.
The isotopes complexes were tested for sterility and pyrogenicity by the pharmacy of INRCA and encapsulated in gelatin. The oral capsules had a final total amount of 2.0 mg of 70Zn, with each one independently in the form of the complex. The oral doses were consumed in the morning with an individual milk feed.
4
Analytical Standards for Pharmaceutical Validation
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Primary analytical reference standards with purity ≥ 99% of ciprofloxacin (CPF), trimethoprim (TMP), sulphamethoxazole (SMZ), metronidazole (MTZ), amoxicillin (AMX), clavulanic acid (CLA), flucloxacillin (FCX), cefuroxime (CFX), arthemether (ART), lumefantrine (LUM), mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ALB), ferrous ammonium citrate (FAC), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B6 (VB6), folic acid (FLA), griseofulvin (GFV), paracetamol (PCM), and ibuprofen (IBF) were obtained from the Food and Drugs Authority, Ghana. Analytical grade solvents including sodium hydroxide (BDH, UK), formic acid, methanol, chloroform acetic acid, glacial acetic acid (BDH, UK), ethanol, acetonitrile, ammonium hydroxide reagent ACS, sulphuric acid, ethyl acetate, holmium perchlorate, and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (BDH, UK) were used.
5
Preparation of Phosphate Buffers and Chemical Reagents
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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsin, petroleum ether, and ethanol were from BDH and used without further purification. Phosphate buffers (pH 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) were prepared by mixing proper amount of 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 M Sodium hydroxide.
6
Peptide Characterization and Lipid Interactions
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E2EM-lin (GILDTLKQFAKGVGKDLVKGAAQGVLSTVSCKLAKTC) was supplied by Pepceuticals (UK), synthesised by solid phase synthesis and purified by HPLC to purity greater than 99%, confirmed by MALDI mass spectrometry. Sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium diphosphate dibasic, Sephadex G75, HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid] and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Ltd (UK). Sodium hydroxide was purchased from BDH laboratory supplies, pH indicators strips were obtained from VWR (UK) whilst Triton X-100 and chloroform were supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific (UK). Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DMPE), and cardiolipin (CL) were supplied by Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., and Calcein was supplied by Alfa Aesar. Milli Q water with a specific resistance of 18 Ω cm−1 was used for preparation of stock solutions and buffers.
7
Characterization of Micro and Nanoclays
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Crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB), and malachite green (MG) were procured from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥97%), nitric acid (HNO3, 68.0–70.0%), and sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99%) were obtained from BDH, England (Poole, Doorset, UK). The morphology and elemental composition of the dried micro and nanoclays adsorbents were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) (JEOL 7600F, Tokyo, Japan). FTIR spectra of the tested micro and nanoclays adsorbents before and after CV dye adsorption were recorded on the Thermo Scientific FTIR Spectrometer (Nicolet iS50 FTIR, Madison, WI, USA) in the range 4000–400 cm−1. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the micro and nanoclays adsorbents was accomplished using a Shimadzu XRD-6000, (Tokyo, Japan) diffractometer. A UV-vis spectrophotometer was utilized to determine the concentrations of dyes on the micro and nanoclay adsorbents. The chemical composition of micro and nanoclay adsorbents was obtained by XRF. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Thermo Scientific, Weltham, MA, USA) was applied for the analysis of micro and nanoclay adsorbents.
8
Evaluating Hepatoprotective Effects of Compounds
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All chemicals and reagents used are of analytical grade. Allopurinol, Ellman's reagent, FO, o-dianisidine, malondialdehyde, reduced GSH, thiobarbituric acid, trichloroacetic acid, vanadium chloride, and verapamil were obtained from Sigma, USA. ALT and AST kits were obtained from Randox, UK. Sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrite were obtained from BDH, UK. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and n-Butanol were obtained from Prolabo, France. Cetyltrimethyammonium bromide was obtained from Merck, Germany. Hydrogen peroxide was obtained from Loba Chemie, India. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was obtained as a gift from SEDICO, Egypt. Formalin solution was obtained from El-Nasr Chemicals Co., Egypt. Tissue homogenization was performed using Ultra-Turrax T25, IKA Labortechnik, Germany. Measurement of optical density was performed by ultraviolet-150-02 double-beam spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Japan.
9
Aflatoxin Standards Characterization
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Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 standards (crystalline powder) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis–MO, USA). Pre–coated TLC plates of silica gel 60 (layer thickness 0.25 mm, 20 x 20 cm) on glass or aluminum, without fluorescent indicator were purchased from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical grade acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, chloroform, cupric carbonate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, xylene and other solvents procured from BDH (Poole, England).
10
Analytical Chemical Analysis of Compounds
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The chemicals used were all of analytical grade. Absolute ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, sodium hydroxide, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane were purchased from BDH England. Aluminium chloride, FeSO4·7H2O, and silica gel were obtained from Merck Germany. Sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Unichem India. DPPH were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. PBS was obtained from Gibco, UK. MS spectra were recorded on an Agilent series device, and MSMS spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu series device.
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