570 body composition analyzer

Height and weight were obtained both at baseline and post-intervention according to standardized procedures, and BMI was calculated [24 ]. Waist circumference was assessed using standardized procedures [25 (link)]. Body composition (fat mass and body fat) was estimated with the Tanita body composition analyzer TBF-300A (Tanita Corporation, Arlington Heights, IL, USA) for the employees from organizations evaluated between 2011 and 2017. From 2018, the InBody 570 body composition analyzer was used (InBody Co., Seoul, Korea).

The body composition was measured using the InBody 570 body composition analyzer. Height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle index (SMI), and visceral fat level (truncated one-digit value of visceral fat cross-sectional area estimated from impedance) were measured. BMI was classified based on the obesity criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity [7 (link)]: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–25 kg/m²), and obese (> 25 kg/m²). Body fat percentages of 10–20% and ≥ 20% were defined as normal and high, respectively. The body shape of the patients was classified based on their BMI and body fat percentage data into thin group, normal weight group (NWG), hidden obesity group (HOG), apparent obesity group, and overweight obesity group (OOG). Patient clinical data included age, AIDS history, nadir CD4 count, HIV diagnosis duration, ART duration, and current medication use for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Blood analysis covered CD4-positive T lymphocyte count, HIV-RNA level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGTP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), HbA1c level, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level.

Total body adiposity was assessed via bioimpedance technique using InBody® 570 body composition analyzer (InBody USA, Cerritos, CA) according to the manufacturer's protocols. In brief, tissue impedance is measured over 60 s when a low intensity current travels between the bare feet and hands of the subjects. The total body fat (TBF) estimate was obtained from the equipment software. TBF estimate via InBody correlates well with the Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan (28 (link)).

Body weight and body fat percentage was measured using an InBody570 body composition analyzer (InBody Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Visceral fat areas were measured with a DUAL SCAN (HDS-2000, OMRON HEALTHCARE Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). Areas of visceral and total fat were calculated for each slice. Body weight and height were assessed, and BMI was calculated. Blood and urine samples were obtained after an overnight fast by a commercial laboratory (LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Serum thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, FT4) were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays (Chemilumi-ACS-TSH, Chemilumi-ACS-FT3, Chemilumi-ACS-FT4, respectively; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Serum thyroid hormone levels are markers of thyroid function.

Body composition was measured using a body composition analyzer (InBody 570 body composition analyzer, InBody Japan Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) based on the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The following items were measured: height, weight, BMI, body fat mass, lean body mass, body fat percentage, SMI, and visceral fat level (truncated one-digit value of visceral fat cross-sectional area estimated from impedance) were extracted from the measurement results.
BMI was classified according to the obesity criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity: underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–25 kg/m²), and obese (>25 kg/m²). Regarding body fat mass, a body fat percentage of 10% to 20% was defined as the normal range, and that of ≥20% as high. Based on the BMI and body fat percentage data, patients were classified into the following groups according to body type: obese group: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥ 20%; hidden obese group: BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m² or < 25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥ 20%; obese group: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and body fat percentage < 20%; normal group: BMI 18.5–25 kg/m² and body fat percentage < 20%; and thin group: BMI < 18.5 kg/m².