Prism 4

Manufactured by GraphPad

Sourced in United States, Germany, Austria, Belgium, United Kingdom

Prism 4 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It provides tools for data management, statistical analysis, and visualization of scientific data.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sas 9, by SAS Institute (15 mentions) Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (13 mentions) Instat 3, by GraphPad (11 mentions) Prism 5, by GraphPad (10 mentions) Trizol reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (10 mentions) Prism 6, by GraphPad (10 mentions) Version 12, by MedCalc (10 mentions) Spss version 19, by IBM (9 mentions) Instat, by GraphPad (8 mentions) Microsoft excel, by GraphPad (8 mentions) Matlab, by MathWorks (8 mentions) Sas version 9, by SAS Institute (7 mentions) Sybr green rt pcr kit, by Takara Bio (6 mentions) Origin 8, by OriginLab (5 mentions) Prism 7, by GraphPad (5 mentions) Envision multilabel reader, by PerkinElmer (5 mentions) Spss version 22, by IBM (5 mentions) Spss 17, by IBM (5 mentions) Sigmaplot, by Grafiti LLC (4 mentions) Sigmastat 3, by Grafiti LLC (4 mentions)

3 570 protocols using prism 4

Genetic Analysis of Glutathione Reductase

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The distributions of the three genotypes Gsr^+/+, Gsr^+/-, and Gsr^-/- for male, female and combined male and female were compared separately with the expected distribution calculated by Mendel's Laws of Inheritance (0.25:0.5:0.25). The Chi-squared test was used to do the comparison as previously described [35 ]. The chi-squared value was calculated based on the formula of

x^{2} = \sum_{k = 1}^{n} \frac{{(O_{k} - E_{k})}^{2}}{E_{k}}

, where O_k is the observed count of the cell k and E_k is the expected count of the same cell. The significance threshold was set to 0.05. One-way ANOVA with post-Tukey multiple comparison tests (GraphPad Prism 4.03) was used to analyze the Gsr protein levels in subcellular fractions. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (GraphPad Prism 4.03) was used to analyze the ABR thresholds, losses of SGN, thickness of stria vascularis, and cochleogram. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative damage markers, and GSH/GSSG.

Han C., Kim M.J., Ding D., Park H.J., White K., Walker L., Gu T., Tanokura M., Yamasoba T., Linser P., Salvi R, & Someya S. (2017). GSR is not essential for the maintenance of antioxidant defenses in mouse cochlea: Possible role of the thioredoxin system as a functional backup for GSR. PLoS ONE, 12(7), e0180817.

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Survival Analysis of Treatment in Mouse and Human Subjects

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In mouse experiments, survival was calculated from the date of hydrodynamic tail-vein injection to death. It was assumed that treatment would prolong the survival of treated mice. The association between survival and the investigated treatment was represented using Kaplan-Meier plots and assessed by log-rank tests. For human patients survival was calculated from initiation of sorafenib treatment and survival time was censored for patients who did not experience the investigated event, i.e. were alive at last contact. p-Mapk14 (Thr180/Tyr182) and p-Atf2 (Thr71) expression were dichotomized based on the median. The association between survival and expression was represented using Kaplan-Meier plots and compared by log-rank tests. Statistical analyses were implemented using Graph Pad Prism 4.03. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Other statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t-test (using Graph Pad Prism 4.03 software, if not otherwise stated). P-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

Rudalska R., Dauch D., Longerich T., McJunkin K., Wuestefeld T., Kang T.W., Hohmeyer A., Pesic M., Leibold J., von Thun A., Schirmacher P., Zuber J., Weiss K.H., Powers S., Malek N.P., Eilers M., Sipos B., Lowe S.W., Geffers R., Laufer S, & Zender L. (2014). In vivo RNAi screening identifies a mechanism of sorafenib resistance in liver cancer. Nature medicine, 20(10), 1138-1146.

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Statistical Analysis of Biological Data

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Graph Pad Prism 4.0 Software (San Diego, CA, USA) was used to construct graphs and analyze data in all figures, except Fig 6F, 6H and S9F, which were performed in Excel 2010 (Microsoft). Specific statistical tests were used to evaluate the significance of differences between groups (the test and p value are indicated in the figure legend). Outliers were determined using Grubbs' test (Graph Pad Prism 4.0 Software). The sample size is indicated in the figure legend and the sample size estimation and the power of the statistical test were computed using GPower software. Samples were allocated into experimental groups by randomization. The number of independent experiments (biological replicates) is indicated in the figure legends when applicable. The survival rate of treated embryos was compared with that of the control embryos using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.

Phan Q.T., Sipka T., Gonzalez C., Levraud J.P., Lutfalla G, & Nguyen-Chi M. (2018). Neutrophils use superoxide to control bacterial infection at a distance. PLoS Pathogens, 14(7), e1007157.

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Statistical Analysis of Corneal Pathology

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Statistical analysis of corneal pathology scores, bacterial burden, and cytokine levels were either by Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons or the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA with Dunn's correction for Multigroup comparisons and individual 2-group comparisons (Prism 4.0 for Macintosh). Differences were considered significant if the p < 0.05 (Prism 4.0 for Macintosh).

Lu X., Kugadas A., Smith-Page K., Lamb J., Lin T., Ru Y., Morley S.C., Fichorova R., Mittal S.K., Chauhan S.K., Littleton S., Saban D, & Gadjeva M. (2020). Neutrophil L-Plastin Controls Ocular Paucibacteriality and Susceptibility to Keratitis. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 547.

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Tumor Burden Analysis Protocol

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Results are presented as means (± SD) of at least three independent experiments. All data sets were analyzed employing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test using the Prism 4.0 software. In all bar graphs, means without a common letter differ (p < 0.05). Average tumor burden and multiplicity were compared between treatment groups employing Mann-Whitney nonparametric statistical analysis using the Prism 4.0 software

Justiniano R., Perer J., Hua A., Fazel M., Krajisnik A., Cabello C.M, & Wondrak G.T. (2017). A Topical Zinc Ionophore Blocks Tumorigenic Progression in UV-exposed SKH-1 High Risk Mouse Skin. Photochemistry and photobiology, 93(6), 1472-1482.

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UV-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis Model

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All results are presented as means: ± SD of at least three independent experiments (n≥3), unless indicated otherwise. Data were analyzed employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test using the Prism 4.0 software; means without a common letter differ from each other (p<0.05). In the UV-induced skin tumorigenesis model, tumor multiplicity was compared between treatment groups employing Mann-Whitney nonparametric statistical analysis using the Prism 4.0 software (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval).

Justiniano R., de Faria Lopes L., Perer J., Hua A., Park S.L., Jandova J., Baptista M.S, & Wondrak G.T. (2020). The endogenous tryptophan-derived photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a nanomolar photosensitizer that can be harnessed for the photodynamic elimination of skin cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Photochemistry and photobiology, 97(1), 180-191.

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Postoperative Pain Assessment in Dogs

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Data distribution was assessed using (JMP Pro 11; SAS Institute Inc). Normally distributed data were compared using two tail unpaired t-test (body weight, propofol dose, HR, SAP, VAS score and CSU acute pain score). Data that were not normally distributed was compared using Mann-Whitney test (age, anaesthesia duration, surgery duration, RR, expired isoflurane concentration and post-operative appetite). Statistical significance difference between groups was considered when p≤0.05 and statistical comparisons were performed using a statistical software (GraphPad, Prism 4.00 Software). A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the 3 investigators who assessed postoperative pain (GraphPad, Prism 4.00 Software).

Marquez M., Boscan P., Weir H., Vogel P, & Twedt D.C. (2015). Comparison of NK-1 Receptor Antagonist (Maropitant) to Morphine as a Pre-Anaesthetic Agent for Canine Ovariohysterectomy. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0140734.

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Statistical Comparisons in Cell Experiments

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Statistical comparisons between experiments performed in cells from healthy controls and repeat experiments with cells from the two patients were performed by calculating the Mann Whitney U-test using Prism Graphpad 4.0 software. Statistically significant differences obtained in intergroup comparisons were confirmed by Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance using Prism Graphpad 4.0 software. Values of p < 0.05 were considered as significant, (ns statistically not significant, ^*p ≤ 0.05, ^**p ≤ 0.01.

Geier C.B., Sauerwein K.M., Leiss-Piller A., Zmek I., Fischer M.B., Eibl M.M, & Wolf H.M. (2018). Hypomorphic Mutations in the BCR Signalosome Lead to Selective Immunoglobulin M Deficiency and Impaired B-cell Homeostasis. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 2984.

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Statistical Comparison of Research Groups

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Statistical comparison between two study groups was performed by calculating the Mann-Whitney U-test using Prism Graphpad 4.0 software. Statistically significant differences obtained in intergroup comparisons were confirmed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance using Prism Graphpad 4.0 software. Statistical evaluation of correlation was performed by calculating Spearman's rank correlation. Values of p<0.05 were considered as significant, (ns statistically not significant, * pࣘ0.05, ** pࣘ0.01, *** pࣘ0.001, **** pࣘ0.0001)

Geier C.B., Kraupp S., Bra D., Eibl M.M., Farmer J.R., Csomos K., Walter J.E, & Wolf H.M. (2017). Reduced numbers of circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. European journal of immunology, 47(11).

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Characterization of Lm MC4R Receptor

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SPSS19.0 software was used to calculate the mean and standard error of the mean (S.E.M.) of gene expression results and results are presented as mean ± S.E.M. Significant differences of gene expression were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test with the significance level set at P < 0.05. GraphPad Prism 4.0 software (San Diego, CA, USA) was used to calculate the ligand binding and cAMP signaling parameters such as maximal binding (B_max) and IC₅₀ of ligand binding and maximal response (R_max) and EC₅₀ of cAMP signaling. The significance of differences in B_max, IC₅₀, R_max and EC₅₀ between LmMC4R and hMC4R were determined by Student's t-test by GraphPad Prism 4.0 software.

Zhang K.Q., Hou Z.S., Wen H.S., Li Y., Qi X., Li W.J, & Tao Y.X. (2019). Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Spotted Sea Bass, Lateolabrax maculatus: Cloning, Tissue Distribution, Physiology, and Pharmacology. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10, 705.

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