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Alexa fluor 488 a488

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States

Alexa Fluor-488 (A488) is a fluorescent dye used in various biomedical applications. It has an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 515 nm, making it suitable for detection and analysis with common fluorescence-based instruments, such as flow cytometers and fluorescence microscopes.

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7 protocols using alexa fluor 488 a488

1

Cortical Tracing for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration

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CST axons were traced to assess regeneration into the graft. As previously described [45 (link)], six weeks prior to sacrifice (4 months after SCI), the subject was anesthetized and a craniotomy was performed to expose the right and left motor cortex. Using a pulled glass micropipette attached to a picospritzer (Parker Hannifin, Fairfield, NJ), 300 nl of the anterograde neuronal tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA; 10,000 MW, 10% in water, Thermo Fisher) was injected at each of 127 sites (59 different surface locations) in the left motor cortex. These sites included motor cortex innervating the hand, arm, trunk, leg, and foot. Identical injections of the anterograde tracer dextran-conjugated Alexa Fluor-488 (A488, 10,000 MW, 5% in water, Thermo Fisher) were made in the right motor cortex. After tracer injection, the excised piece of cranium was replaced, cemented in place with dental acrylic, and the incision closed in layers.
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2

Oligonucleotide Synthesis and Labeling

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Oligonucleotides used (Supplemental Table S1) were purchased from IDT (Coralville, IA, USA). Fluorescently labeled DNA was HPLC purified by IDT. ATP was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 32P-γ-ATP was from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA). Alexa Fluor 488® (A488) and Alexa Fluor 594® (A594) C5 maleimides were from ThermoFisher (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). All other chemicals, buffers, and media were analytical grade or better.
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3

Cortical Tracing for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration

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CST axons were traced to assess regeneration into the graft. As previously described [45 (link)], six weeks prior to sacrifice (4 months after SCI), the subject was anesthetized and a craniotomy was performed to expose the right and left motor cortex. Using a pulled glass micropipette attached to a picospritzer (Parker Hannifin, Fairfield, NJ), 300 nl of the anterograde neuronal tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA; 10,000 MW, 10% in water, Thermo Fisher) was injected at each of 127 sites (59 different surface locations) in the left motor cortex. These sites included motor cortex innervating the hand, arm, trunk, leg, and foot. Identical injections of the anterograde tracer dextran-conjugated Alexa Fluor-488 (A488, 10,000 MW, 5% in water, Thermo Fisher) were made in the right motor cortex. After tracer injection, the excised piece of cranium was replaced, cemented in place with dental acrylic, and the incision closed in layers.
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4

Quantitative Immunochemical Analysis of MXD3 Protein

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MXD3 protein expression was evaluated by immunochemistry as previously described (10 (link)). Briefly, cells were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, smeared onto slides, and blocked with 10% FBS. Slides were incubated with anti-MXD3 monoclonal mouse antibody (Antibodies Inc, Davis, CA) overnight at 4 °C. Secondary goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (A488) (Thermo Fisher Scientific) incubation was performed at room temperature for 3 hours. MXD3 protein expression was quantified by measuring the fluorescent image intensity of all cells within a representative image (TIFF) and averaged to obtain the mean fluorescence intensity. Measurement and quantification was performed using ImageJ (NIH) (23 (link)). Briefly, individual cell boundaries were marked and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured for each cell. A background signal (without cells) was subtracted from each MFI. Corrected MFI for each cell was then averaged per experiment and treatment type.
Tumor microarrays with 18 human neuroblastoma tissue samples were stained for MXD3 at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) Cancer Center Pathology Core.
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5

Quantitative Immunochemical Analysis of MXD3 Protein

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MXD3 protein expression was evaluated by immunochemistry as previously described (10 (link)). Briefly, cells were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, smeared onto slides, and blocked with 10% FBS. Slides were incubated with anti-MXD3 monoclonal mouse antibody (Antibodies Inc, Davis, CA) overnight at 4 °C. Secondary goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (A488) (Thermo Fisher Scientific) incubation was performed at room temperature for 3 hours. MXD3 protein expression was quantified by measuring the fluorescent image intensity of all cells within a representative image (TIFF) and averaged to obtain the mean fluorescence intensity. Measurement and quantification was performed using ImageJ (NIH) (23 (link)). Briefly, individual cell boundaries were marked and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured for each cell. A background signal (without cells) was subtracted from each MFI. Corrected MFI for each cell was then averaged per experiment and treatment type.
Tumor microarrays with 18 human neuroblastoma tissue samples were stained for MXD3 at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) Cancer Center Pathology Core.
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6

Fluorescent Labeling of Biomolecules

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All cell culture reagents, as well as A647-phalloidin, A555-cholera toxin subunit B (A555-CTxB), and A647-labeled goat anti-mouse IgGγ1 were purchased from Invitrogen. Mouse anti-fibronectin was purchased from BD Biosciences. A488-IgE was prepared by modification of purified mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgE46 with AlexaFluor 488 (A488, Invitrogen) as previously described.47 (link) BSA and grapheme oxide (GO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The 35-mm imaging dishes with glass bottoms (14 mm well) were obtained from MatTek Corp. (Ashland, MA).
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7

Purification and Labeling of C4BP and IAPP

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Plasma C4BP and recombinant monomeric C4BP α-chain were purified as described [14 (link), 15 (link)]. C-terminal-amidated IAPP with C2–C7 disulfide bond was synthesised by J. I. Elliott at Keck Biotechnology (Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA) or by Cambridge Research Biochemicals (Billingham, UK), purified by HPLC and verified by mass spectrometry (>95% pure). IAPP with N-terminal Rhodamine B (RhB) conjugated by aminohexanoic acid linker was produced by Caslo ApS. IAPP was used as described [16 (link)]. C4BP was labelled with Alexa-Fluor 488 (A488) or pHrodo using amine conjugation kits (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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