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57 protocols using cd11c pe

1

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analysis of PBMC, LMNC and PMNC

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For multicolor flow cytofluorimetric analysis, PBMCs, LMNCs and PMNCs were stained with the following conjugated mAb as previously described: CD56-PE-Cy5 and NKp46-PE (Beckman Coulter, clone BAB281), CD16-PE-Cy7, CD19-APCH7, IFN-γ-PE, DNAM-1 PE, CD49e-PE, CD11c-PE, CCR5-PE, CD69-PE, CCR4-PE and CXCR3-PE (BD-Pharmigen), CD45-PB, CD62L-PE-Cy7, CCL5-AF647, CD161-PerCpCy5.5, CCR3-PE, CXCR2-PE and CXCR4-PerCpCy5.5 (Biolegend), CCR7-FITC and CXCR6-PE (R&D System), CX3CR1 PE (MBL). Aqua LIVE/DEAD (Life Technologies) was used to eliminate dead cells from the analysis. Intracellular staining was performed using Cytofix/Cytoperm (Beckton Dickinson), according to the manufacturers instructions. The gating strategy used to select NK cells from both PBMC and LMNC is depicted in Supplemental Figure 1. For measurement of IFN-γ production, whole PBMC and LMNC were stimulated with 18 hours with 20ng/ml rhIL-12 (R&D Systems) and 200U/ml rhIL-2 (Peprotech). For the final 4 hours, GolgiStop was added (Beckton Dickenson). Flow cytometry data was acquired using an LSR Fortessa (Beckton Dickinson) and data was analyzed using FlowJo Software (Tree Star).
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2

Differentiation of THP-1 Monocytes into Macrophages

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The acute monocytic human leukemia cell line THP-1 cells (ATCC® TIB-202) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 2 mM L-glutamine, 25 mM D-glucose, 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37°C with 5% CO2 and were passaged every 3–4 days. Cells were differentiated into macrophages by incubation with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Sigma-Aldrich) for 3 days, followed by 5-day rest in a medium without PMA. The differentiation protocol was selected based on preliminary results in which THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages with different PMA concentrations (30, 100, and 162 nM) and for different periods of time (24 h and 1 day rest, 72 h and 1 day rest and 24 or 72 h and 5 day rest), and then the expression of CD11c (CD11c PE, BD Pharmigen), CD14 (CD14 PerCP-Cy5.5, BD Pharmigen), CD16 (CD16 APC, BD Pharmigen), CD68 (CD68 FITC, BioLegend), CD163 (CD163 PE, Invitrogen) and viability (7-AAD, BD) were measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
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3

Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Activation by HSPs

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Monocytes were isolated by human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell Technologies, France). Isolated monocytes were cultured with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) (Immunotools, Germany), 50 ng/mL of each in RPMI complete media. At day 3, half of the media was replaced with fresh RPMI complete media with granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and IL‐4. At day 6, 2×106/mL cells were cultured with or without HSP60 (MyBiosource) or HSP90 (HSPß90, Sigma Aldrich, MO) at the concentrations described. Cells were collected after 24 hours and analyzed with >90% cell viability. DC stained with CD11C‐PE, CD86‐Percp/Cy5.5, CD83‐APC, CD40‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (BD Bioscience), and HLA‐II‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (Biolegend) antibodies.
The endotoxin concentration in HSP60 was checked by LAL Chromogenic Endotoxin Quantitation Kit (Thermofisher Scientific, IL). The level of endotoxin in the HSP60 was ≤1 EU/mg, according to manufacturer information, which is equal to ≤0.1 ng/mg. Our working concentration 5 μg/mL of HSP60 contains ≤0.0005 ng endotoxin. A similar concentration of endotoxin was determined in HSP90.
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4

Analysis of moDC surface markers

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To examine the expression of surface markers on moDC (1 × 106 cells/ml) the cells were incubated with primary antibodies on ice for 30 min. Antibodies used for flow cytometry included HLA-DRperCP, CD11cPE, CD14PEcy7 (BD Biosciences, USA). Data were acquired by flow cytometry on a LSR II instrument (BD biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo (Tree star, USA).
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5

Investigating YS Effects on DC Phenotype

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To analysis the effects of YS on the DCs mutation, day 7 bone marrow derived DCs (105/mL) were incubated with YS-OVA containing 2 ug OVA or 2 ug soluble OVA. Then cells were subsequently stained with CD11c-PE (BD Pharmingen), MCH-II-FITC (BD Pharmingen), CD80-FITC (BD Pharmingen) and CD86-FITC (BD Pharmingen). These surface markers levels was measured by flow cytometry (BD Immunocytometry Systems) and analyzed by FlowJo software Version 6 (TreeStar). DCs culture supernatants were collected 24 h after culture with samples. The IL-12 cytokine production in the media was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) kits (Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA) according to manufacturer’s directions.
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Analyzing Qβ-Specific B Cells in Germinal Center

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Spleens of immunized mice were harvested at indicated time points and single cell suspensions were obtained by passing through 70 μm cell strainer (Greiner Bio-ONE, cat. 542070). Single cells were suspended in FACS buffer (2% FBS in PBS) and incubated with antibody at 4°C. To distinguish the Qβ-specific B cells in germinal center, cells were firstly stained with Qβ-AlexaFluoro 488 and PNAbio (Vector Laboratories, cat. B-1075), and then Fc-receptors were blocked with anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (BD Bioscience, cat. 553142). Finally, streptavidin-APC Cy7 (BD Bioscience, cat. 554063) and anti-mouse CD38-PerCP Cy5.5 (Biolegend, cat. 102722) were applied to determine germinal center cells, anti-mouse B220-PE Cy7(BD Bioscience, 552772) for B cells, anti-mouse IgM-PE (Jackson ImmunoResearch, cat. 115-116-075), IgD-PE (eBioscience, cat. 12-5993-83), CD4-PE (BD Bioscience, cat. 553653), CD8-PE (BD Bioscience, cat. 553032), CD11b-PE (BD Biosience, cat. 553311), CD11c-PE (BD Biosience, cat. 553802), GR1-PE (BD Biosience, cat. 553128) to exclude other cell types (CD4, CD8: T cells; CD11b: monocytes and macrophages; CD11c: dendritic cells; GR1: neutrophils) and immature B (IgM+IgD+) cells.
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7

Quantification of BTLA on mDCs

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The expression of BTLA on mDCs was determined by ow cytometry. Monoclonal antibodies Lin1-FITC, HLA-DR-PerCP, CD11c-PE and BTLA-APC were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). 100µL fresh collected whole blood of patients or controls was incubated with indicated antibodies for 30minutes at 4 °C and then lysed with FACS™ lysing solution (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA).Subsequently, those stained samples were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), xed and eventually detected by BD FACS calibur with BD CellQuest software supporting. Data were analyzed using FlowJo software 7.6 (Tree Star Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA).
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8

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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Monoclonal antibodies CD3e-ApcCy7, CD45-PerCPCy5.5, Gr1-APC, CD8-PECy7, CD25-FITC, CD11b-FITC, CD11C-PE, B220-PB, and NK1.1-PE were purchased from BD Biosciences. Foxp3-APC and F4/80-PE were purchased from eBioscience and CD4-PO and calcein violet from Invitrogen.
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9

Immune Cell Profiling of Polyp Cells

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To determine the immune cell profile of whole polyp cells, fresh and cultured (for 72 hours) cells were harvested (both adherent and nonadherent cells) without enzymatic dissociation and labeled with a set of various specific fluorescent antibodies, such as CD4-Pacifc Blue, CD8-PECy7, CD11c-PE, CD14-PerCPCy5.5, CD19-Viollet, CD25-APC, CD40-FITC, CD69-FITC, and NK1.1-PE (all from BD Biosciences). These sets of antibodies were used for both fresh and in vitro coculture analysis. To investigate the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T lymphocyte profile, intracellular staining for FoxP3 expression was performed after 72 hours in culture with or without the presence of MSCs. The cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Fix/Perm Buffer Set Kit (BD Biosciences). Staining was performed using FoxP3 (PE), CD4 (APC-Cy7), and CD25 (APC) antibodies at 1 : 100 dilution (BD Biosciences). Analysis was determined by flow cytometry (FACSCanto II cytometer, BD Biosciences) within FSC and SSC gate in CD4+ T cells. All acquisitions were performed using a FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), and analysis was again done using the FlowJo 7.2.4 software (Tree Star). During analysis, gates for mononuclear cells were performed in FSC and SSC parameters after doublet exclusion. Results are presented as cell frequency.
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10

Single-Vesicle Detection of Extracellular Vesicles

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Amnis® CellStream instrument (Luminex, US) was used to detect EVs at single‐vesicle level. EVs without fluorescent tags were first stained with 0.4 μl of sLeX antibodies (diluted by 10‐fold) overnight. The stained and mNG‐labelled EVs were analyzed using the side scatter laser (SSC; 40% of maximum power), 488 nm laser (maximum power) and 642 nm laser (maximum power). All data were acquired at a flow rate of 3.44 μl/min. SSC and AF647 signals were collected in channel 1 (773 ± 56 nm filter) and channel B6 (702 ± 87 nm filter), respectively. AF488 and mNG signals were collected in channel C3 (528 ± 46 nm filter). DPBS (Gibco, 14190‐136) was used as sheath fluid without further filtration. Data were analyzed with optimized masking settings using the FlowJo software.
The following antibodies and corresponding isotypes were used: sLeX‐AF488 (BD, 563528), sLeX‐AF647 (BD, 563526), LeX‐APC (BD, 561716), CD11c‐PE (BD, 557401), F4/80‐BV510 (BD, 743280), DC‐SIGN‐PE (BioLegend, 833004), and E‐selectin‐APC (BD, 551144).
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