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16 protocols using zb 5301

1

Protein Expression Analysis in Retinal Cells

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Total protein was extracted from cells or retina tissues utilizing RIPA buffer (Solarbio, Beijing, China). RIPA buffer (Solarbio, Beijing, China) was used to lyse cells or retina tissues. The protein concentration was determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Pierce, Appleton, WI, USA). Then, protein was separated with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel, followed by transference onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF; EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk for 1 h. Then, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies including anti-p53 (1:500, ab131442; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-Bcl-2 (1:1,000, ab182858; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-Bax (1:1,000, ab32503; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-Cleaved-Caspase-3 (1:500, 33199M; BSM, Shanghai, China) and anti-β-actin (1:2,000, 20536-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China) overnight at 4 °C, followed by secondary antibodies (1:6,000, ZB-5301; ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) for 30 min at room temperature. The proteins were visualized using an ECL kit (KeyGen Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China). β-actin was used as an internal control. The expression of protein was measured using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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2

ELISA-based His-Mb Protein Antibody Assay

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1 μg/mL His-Mb immunogen protein was coated in the 96-well enzyme label plate (NEST Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China) at 4 °C overnight. Then 300 μL 1% BSA (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China #A8010) sealing solution was added and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. After that, added 200 μL test serum with a dilution ratio of 1:250, 1:1000, 1: 4000, 1:16,000, 1:64,000, and 1:256,000. The serum before immunization was used as the negative control and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. 100 μL HRP-coupled secondary antibody (l:8000, ZSGB-BIO, #ZB-5301) was added and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. Finally, added 100 μL TMB substrate and incubated at 37 °C in a dark place for 10–20 min, and then added 50 μL HCL to stop the reaction. The absorbance value of each hole at the wavelength of 450 nm (OD450) was detected by an enzyme labeling instrument (Hangzhou Allsheng Instruments Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China, FlexA-200).
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3

Immunoprecipitation of Myoglobin Proteins

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IP for His-Mb: Purified His-Mb protein was incubated with protein A magnetic beads and mouse anti-6 × His tag monoclonal antibody (Abcam, #ab18184)/mouse anti-IgG antibody (Abcam, #ab190475) overnight with shaking at 4 °C. The magnet was used to adsorb the beads, and the sample was washed three times with a binding buffer. Then, WB analysis was performed using rabbit anti-Mb monoclonal antibodies (1:2000, Abcam, #ab77232) and HRP-coupled goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (l:5000, ZSGB-BIO, #ZB-5301).
IP for Anti-Mb antibody: Total proteins from rat and mouse muscle tissue were extracted with IP lysis buffer and incubated with protein A magnetic beads and rabbit anti-Mb polyclonal/monoclonal antibody/rabbit anti-IgG antibody (Abcam, #ab172730) overnight with shaking at 4 °C. The magnet was used to adsorb the beads, and the sample was washed three times in a binding buffer. Moreover, WB analysis was performed using mouse anti-Mb antibody (1:100, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA, #sc-74525).
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4

Exosomal Protein Quantification and Analysis

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Protein quantification was performed using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (P0011, Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Sample proteins were loaded onto a 10% SDS-PAGE gel, electrophoresed, and transferred to a PVDF membrane (0.45 µm; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% non-fat milk, the membrane was probed with specific antibodies overnight at 4 ℃, including anti-CD63 (A5271, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) and anti-TSG101 (A1692, ABclonal, Wuhan, China). On the following day, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate secondary antibody (ZB-5301, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) at room temperature for 1 h. Immunoblots were then visualized using the BeyoECL Plus Kit (P0018, Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Autophagy and PTEN

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The kidney tissues ground in liquid nitrogen and HK-2 cells were lysed in the radio-immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Beyotime). The concentration of proteins extracted from tissues and cells was tested using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Beyotime). Then, 30 μg total protein of each well was separated on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (12% or 6% separating gel) and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cultured with the primary antibodies: rabbit anti-LC3 (ab192890, 1:1000; LC3I, 16 KDa, LC3II, 14 KDa), rabbit anti-p62 (ab109012, 1:1000, 62 KDa), rabbit anti-PTEN (ab267787, 1:1000, 54KDa) and rabbit anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (ab181602, 1:10,000, 36 KDa). Afterwards, the membranes were cultured with the secondary antibody goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (ZB-5301, 1:5000, ZSGB-Bio Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). The gray value of the target band was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of EV Markers

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For WB analysis, EVs pellets and cells were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Beyotime, China) containing a 1X protease inhibitor cocktail (Beyotime, China). The protein concentration was determined using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit. Protein samples were resolved by running in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes. Blots were incubated with the following primary antibodies: anti-Alix (Abcam, ab186429, 1:1000), anti-CD9 (Abcam, ab195422, 1:1000), anti-CD81 (Abcam, ab79559, 1:200), anti-CD63 (Abcam, ab59479, 1:1000), anti-ITGB1 (Sinobiological, 100562-T46, 1:500), anti-TSG101 (Abcam, ab125011, 1:1000) and anti-GAPDH (Zsbio, TA-08, 1:1000), anti-HA tag (HRP) (Sinobiological, 100028-MM10-H, 1:1000) at 4°C overnight. After removing primary antibodies and washing with PBS, blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary anti-mouse (Zsbio, ZB-5305, 1:5000) or anti-rabbit (Zsbio, ZB-5301, 1:5000) antibody for 1h. The protein bands were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection reagent (Thermo Scientific, USA), and visualized on a chemiluminescence imager (ChemiScope 6000, China).
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7

Protein Expression Analysis in Rat Small Intestine

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The entire small intestine samples (2 cm regions of the proximal, medial, and distal of the rat small intestine) were homogenized in lysis buffer with 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and centrifuged at 15,000 × g for 15 min. The protein concentrations were measured by the BCA assay (BioTeke Corporation, Beijing, China). After denaturation, proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE, blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and blocked in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20 with 5% nonfat milk for 2 h. Then, the membranes were incubated with antibody against TPH1 (1:500) (ab52954, Abcam), SERT (1:250) (ARG63804, Arigo) or glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:1000) (TA802519, Origen) overnight at 4°C. After overnight incubation, the membranes were washed in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20 thrice and incubated with anti-rabbit IgG (1:10000) (ZB-5301, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), anti-goat IgG (1:15000) (ZB-2306, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), and anti-mouse IgG (1:10000) (ATA0011, ATgene Biotech, Chongqing, China) for 2 h each and then visualized by electrochemiluminescence detection (Fujifilm, Japan).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Protein lysates extracted from A375 cells were separated through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (88585, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). The PVDF membranes were blocked using 5% bovine serum albumin, and then incubated with the following primary antibodies at 4°C overnight: Bcl-XL (dilution 1:2000, 10783-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), CHOP (dilution 1:1000, 15204-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), GRP78 (dilution 1:2000, 1587-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), anti-β-actin (dilution 1:2000, 20536-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), cleaved Caspase-3 (dilution 1:1000, AF7022, Affinity, Changzhou, China), p-IRE1α (dilution 1:2000, AF7150, Affinity, Changzhou, China), IRE1α (dilution 1:2000, DF7709, Affinity, Changzhou, China), p-PERK (dilution 1:2000, DF7576, Affinity, Changzhou, China), PERK (dilution 1:2000, AF5304, Affinity, Changzhou, China), p-eIF2α (dilution 1:2000, AF3087, Affinity, Changzhou, China), and eIF2α (dilution 1:2000, AF6087, Affinity, Changzhou, China), and then incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (dilution 1:5000, ZB-5301, ZSBIO, Beijing, China) for 1 h and detected using the ECL System (NEL104001EA, PerkinElmer, Shanghai, China).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Inflammatory Markers

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Total protein from cells or tissues was obtained using ice-cold lysis buffer and quantified with the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay Kit (Solarbio, Beijing, China). After protein extraction, equal amounts of protein were loaded on SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA). The membranes were incubated in 5% fat-free milk for 2 hours. We used primary antibodies against IL-17 (1:666, cat. MAA063Rb21; Cloud-Clone Corp, Wuhan, China), phospho-stat3 (Y705) (1:500, cat. MAB4607; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), IL-1β (1:250, cat. PAA563Rb51; Cloud-Clone Corp), IL-6 (1:1000, cat. MAA079Rb21; Cloud-Clone Corp), and β-actin antibody (1:2000, cat. ZB-5301; ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked anti-mouse IgG (1:5000, cat. #7076S; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), HRP-linked anti-cavia IgG (1:8000, cat. SAA544Gu09; Cloud-Clone Corp), and HRP-linked anti-rat IgG (1:2000, cat. SA00001-15; Proteintech, Wuhan, China) were used as secondary antibodies. After incubating the membranes with primary antibodies and secondary antibodies, we detected positive bands with Multispectral Imaging System (UVP, Tanon, Beijing, China) and analyzed them with Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total proteins extracted from purified B cells or cell lines were resolved by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA) membranes. Fast SDS-PAGE running buffer (Cwbio, Taizhou, China) and Tris-Glycine transfer buffer (Cwbio) were purchased from CoWin Biosciences. The membranes were blocked with QuickblockTM blocking buffer for Western blot (Beyotime) for 30 minutes followed by successive incubations with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C and corresponding secondary antibodies for 1 h. Protein expression levels were visualized using ECL Plus (Millipore) and Bio-Imaging System. The primary and secondary antibodies used in our experiments are NOTCH1 (#3608, CST, Danvers, Massachusetts, USA), cleaved NOTCH1 (#4147, CST), hnRNPA1 (#8443, CST), c-Myc (ab32072, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), β-Actin (#3700, CST), GAPDH (#2118, CST), HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (ZB-2305, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (ZB-5301, ZSGB-BIO). Immunoblot bands were quantified through densitometry and ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Relative folds were normalized to β-actin levels.
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