Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrogen

The following standards were used for the quantification of phenolic compounds: (−)-epicatechin; (+)-catechin; procyanidins B2, B3, C1; chlorogenic acid; and cryptochlorogenic acid from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). UPLC-grade water, prepared by using an HLP SMART 1000 s system (Hydrolab, Gdańsk, Poland), was additionally filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane filter immediately before use. Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), phloroglucinol, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, sulfuric acid, ascorbic acid, acetonitrile, methanol for UPLC (gradient grade), sodium acetate, and sodium hydroxide, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic, starch from potato, α-amylase from porcine pancreas (type VI-8), dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrogen, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside, soybean lipoxygenase (type V), linoleic acid, xylenol orange and α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (type I) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).

Standards from Extrasynthese (Genay, France): (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, procyanidins B2, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-gulucoside—were used for the quantification of phenolic compounds. Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ascorbic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, phloroglucinol, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic, starch from potato, pancreatic α-amylase from porcine pancreas (type VI-8), dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrogen, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside, and intestinal α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (type I) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The standard fatty acid methyl ester mix for quantification and Supelco 37 Component fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) mix were used.

Acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2-Di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), methanol, acetic acid, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein disodium (FL), potassium persulfate, TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-1,3,5-triazine), FeCl3, phloroglucinol, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic, starch from potato, α-amylase from porcine pancreas (type VI-8), dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrogen, p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (type I), sugar, and polyphenolic standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetonitrile for ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC; gradient grade) and ascorbic acid were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Helianthus tuberosus was harvested at the organic cultivation Gospodarstwo Rolno-Ogrodnicze Marek Strojs in Kalisz (Poland). Jerusalem artichoke (around 10 kg) “Albik” cultivar was collected in August 2020.