Vinyl ethylene carbonate

TBPH containing 40 wt.% in water was purchased from Acros and concentrated through rotary evaporation under 70 bar, 40 °C to get higher concentration (50 wt.%). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with the size 20 µm used in this study was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Propylene carbonate (3, 99.7% purity), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC, 99% purity), ethylene carbonate (EC, 98% purity), and butylene carbonate (BC, 98% purity) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide was supplied from Sigma Aldrich. PEG with molecular weight in the range as follows: PEG 950–1050, PEG 35,000, PEO 200,000, PEO 400,000, PEO 1,000,000 were provided from Sigma Aldrich. Methylene blue, malachite green, cresol red, thymol blue, eosin Y disodium salt and methylene orange were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.

Bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide lithium (LiTFSI), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC, 99%), and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA, 98.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-allyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (IL, 99.0%) was purchased from Shang-hai Cheng Jie Chemical Co., Ltd. 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoro-1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (OFHDODA, 93.0%), 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA, 85.0%) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoropentyl methacrylate (OFPMA, 98.0%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI). Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (IRGACURE 819, 99%) was purchased from Badische Anilin-und-Soda-Fabrik (BASF). Vinylene carbonate (VC, 99.9%) was purchased from Dodo Chemical Co., Ltd. P(IL-OFHDODA-VEC) was prepared by UV light curing. Typically, the mixed IL, OFHDODA, VEC monomer, and LiTFSI were stirred for 40 min at 25 °C. After IRGACURE 819 (0.6% molar weight of the monomers) was added and stirred for 20 min, this mixture was blade-cast onto a substrate, followed by a photocuring process via 30 W of 365-nm UV light. All of these processes were carried out in an argon-filled glove box.