Whole blood samples (300 µl) from the femoral vein were collected in K2‐EDTA coated tubes (Starstedt). Glycemia was measured using a glucometer (Accu‐Chek Nano, Roche), and the remaining blood was centrifuged (2,000 g for 10 min), plasma aliquoted, and stored at −80°C. To validate the use of the glucometer used (Accu‐Chek Nano, Roche), a subset of plasma samples was compared with a glucose assay (kit 81693, Crystal Chem) and were found to be highly correlated (Pearson R2 = .85). On the day of the assay, aliquots were thawed and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Crystal Chem Inc) for insulin (kit: 90010), glucagon (kit: 81519), and GLP‐1 (kit: 81507). The hormone levels were determined via absorbance measurements using a FLUOStar Omega kinetic plate reader (BMG Labtech). For each glucose or hormone response, the baseline at T = −5 min was subtracted and the area under the curve calculated over the 60‐min period during which stimulation was applied.
Accu chek nano
Manufactured by Roche
Sourced in United States
The Accu-Chek Nano is a compact, handheld blood glucose monitoring system designed to help individuals with diabetes manage their condition. The device provides accurate and reliable blood glucose readings to support diabetes management.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dextrose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Human recombinant insulin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hd xg, by Data Sciences International (1 mentions)
Fluostar omega, by BMG Labtech (1 mentions)
High fat diet (hfd), by Specialty Feeds (1 mentions)
Zen v 2, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
9 protocols using accu chek nano
1
Plasma Hormone Assays in Whole Blood
2
Oral Glucose and Insulin Tolerance
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OGTT and ITT were performed one week prior to sacrifice after 6 h-fasting period. For OGTT, rats received an oral administration of glucose solution (1 g/kg body weight), and blood glucose levels were measured over a period of 120 min from the vein tail, using Accu-Chek Nano device (Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA). For ITT, rats received an insulin subcutaneous injection (1 U/kg body weight) and blood glucose levels from the vein tail were measured over a period of 40 min, using Accu-Chek Nano device (Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
3
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Mice
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For the OGTT experiment, the experimental mice were initially acclimatized in the procedure room overnight followed by 4 h fast period in the next day morning. After baseline blood glucose measurements, 50% Dextrose (Cat# D16–1; ThermoFisher) in 0.9% saline was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 2 g/kg of body weight [24 (link)]. Time dependent changes in blood glucose were measured via tail vein bleeds at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min using Accu-Chek Nano electronic glucometer (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
4
Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests
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For GTTs, mice were fasted overnight for 16 hours and injected with 1 g/kg BW of glucose (Sigma) intraperitoneally. For ITTs, mice were fasted for 2 hours and injected with 0.7 U of recombinant human insulin/kg BW (Gibco). Following injection, blood was collected from a tail nick and glucose values were measured with a glucometer (Accu-Chek Nano from Roche) at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mins post injection.
5
Glucose Tolerance Test in Rats
6
Calibrating Implantable Glucose Sensor
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The implantable glucose telemetry sensor (HD‐XG, Data Sciences International) was calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions using the Single Point Calibration method. In brief, calibration was conducted at least twice a week, at a similar time each day, immediately prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. Rats were fasted for 14 h and tail vein fasted blood glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accu‐Chek Nano, Roche), which was previously validated and found to be highly correlated with a glucose assay kit (Pearson R2 = 0.85; kit 81693, Crystal Chem) (Payne et al., 2020 (link)).
7
Oral Delivery of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 in Diabetic Mice
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Example 2
Studies comparing the effects of oral delivery of myristic acid-conjugated [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in PBS or 0.3% dodecyl maltoside (DDM, Intravail®) on fasting blood glucose in six to seven week-old male BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J diabetic db/db mice.
Male db/db mice were given increasing concentrations of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 in either PBS or DDM orally by gavage once daily in the evening for 14 consecutive days. Fasting (8 hours) blood glucose levels were measured every other day using an Accu-Chek Nano glucose meter (Roche, Indianapolis, Ind.). After 14 days of treatment, blood glucose levels in mice receiving MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 (250 or 500 mcg/day) in PBS were unchanged from those in control mice receiving PBS alone. Blood glucose levels in db/db mice receiving either 100 or 250 mcg/day in 0.3% DDM, however, were significantly reduced to levels seen in non-diabetic BKS mice by the end of the 14-day treatment period in mice treated with 250 mcg/day.
These results indicate that MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3, at a concentration four-fold lower than that used in our previous studies with [D-Leu-4]-OB3, is effective in reducing blood glucose levels when delivered orally in DDM. These results were consistent with the pharmacokinetic data, which indicated enhanced uptake, slower clearance, and longer half-life of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 in DDM compared to that of [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in DDM.
8
Induction of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
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Rats were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD, 60% fat, Specialty Feeds, SF03‐002) for the duration of the experiment (Figure 1a ). After 5 weeks on the diet, rats were anesthetized (1.5%–3% isoflurane, 1 L/min oxygen) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg intraperitoneal in citrate buffer, pH 4.5) given (Skovso, 2014 (link); Yin et al., 2019 (link)). One week later, rats were given a second STZ injection if fasted blood glucose levels remained within a normal range (rats 30, 32, 33). Tail vein fasted blood glucose was taken and measured using a glucometer (Accu‐Chek Nano, Roche). Animals were included in the study if fasted blood glucose was ≥10 mM or random blood glucose ≥12 mM within 1 week of STZ injection but were excluded if blood glucose levels were ≥30 mM or showed type 1 diabetic symptoms (e.g., sudden weight loss). As a secondary qualitative indicator of the disease, rats included in the study were observed to have polyuria and increased water consumption. Two animals (out of 13 injected with STZ) had high blood glucose levels (>30 mM), were euthanized immediately and excluded from the study. No animals died before meeting the criteria for euthanasia, and the remaining 11 animals that showed type 2 diabetic symptoms were monitored daily for the duration of the experiment (5 weeks).
9
Metabolic Profiling in Fasted Mice
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Mice were fasted between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. for fasting glucose (FG), insulin (FI), glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs). GTTs and ITTs were performed as previously described41 (link). Fasted mice were administered D-glucose (1 g/kg body weight) or human insulin (Humulin R, Eli Lilly, Cambridge, MA, USA) (1 U/kg body weight) intraperitoneally and blood glucose levels measured at indicated time points (Accu-Chek Nano, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Fasting serum insulin was measured by ELISA (CrystalChem, Downers Grove, IL, USA). The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/[log(FG) + log(FI)]. 5 µm sections of paraffin embedded visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Photomicrographs of stained slides were captured with a Zeiss Cell Observer Z widefield using ZEN v2.3 software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Thornwood, NY, USA). Fat droplet size in liver and adipocyte size in VAT were measured using the Adiposoft plugin for Fiji (NIH).
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