Indium 3 chloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Canada, Germany, Belgium

Indium(III) chloride is a chemical compound with the formula InCl3. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Indium(III) chloride is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of other indium compounds and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.

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Indium chloride (15 citations) Indium (III) chloride (InCl3) (4 citations) Indium (III) chloride tetrahydrate (2 citations)

12 protocols using indium 3 chloride

Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Nanoparticles

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Silver nitrate (Honeywell, 99.8%), indium(III) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), L-reduced glutathione (Sigma-Aldrich), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (AppliChem), sodium sulphide (Abcr, 98%), ammonium hydroxide 5 M (Sigma-Aldrich), citric acid (Roth, 99.5%), zinc acetate (Chemsolute, 99.5%), ethanol (Merck, absolute), sodium 3-mercaptopro-1-propanesulfonic acid (ChemPUR), thioglycolic acid (Merck) were used in the present work without additional purification.

Dhamo L., Wegner K.D., Würth C., Häusler I., Hodoroaba V.D, & Resch-Genger U. (2022). Assessing the influence of microwave-assisted synthesis parameters and stabilizing ligands on the optical properties of AIS/ZnS quantum dots. Scientific Reports, 12, 22000.

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Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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Indium(III) chloride (InCl₃, 99.9%), indium (III) acetate (In(OAc)₃, 99.99%), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99%), zinc(II) acetate dihydrate (Zn(OAc)₂*2H₂O, 99%), zinc stearate (technical grade), sodium sulfide (Na₂S × 9H₂O, 98%), NH₄OH (aqueous 5.0 M solution), thioglycolic acid (TGA), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleic acid (OA, 99%), acetone (>99%), and methanol (99.93%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without purification. All the aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water (Millipore) as a solvent.

Gromova Y., Sokolova A., Kurshanov D., Korsakov I., Osipova V., Cherevkov S., Dubavik A., Maslov V., Perova T., Gun’ko Y., Baranov A, & Fedorov A. (2019). Investigation of AgInS2/ZnS Quantum Dots by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Materials, 12(21), 3616.

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Culturing Human Skin Fibroblasts with Indium

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Human skin fibroblasts (commercial cell line GM5565; from ATCC/Coriell Institute, Camden, NJ, USA) were cultured in a medium consisting of Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (Gibco/Thermo Fisher Scientific) and supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were maintained in T-50 flasks with 10 mL of media, grown at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. The media contain less than 0.5 µM of indium ions, as characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two different media solutions were prepared: indium-free media, containing only the chemical components described above and media supplemented with 3.2 mM of indium (III) chloride (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada). Prior to cell seeding, nanocomposite substrates were sterilized with 2 mL of 70% ethanol for 1 min and then air dried and rinsed with 2 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice to eliminate any ethanol residue. Substrates were inoculated with media containing 2–9 × 10⁴ cells/mL and incubated in 6-well tissue culture plates (VWR^® Multiwell Cell Culture Plates, 10062-892) for 24–48 h at 37 °C and 5% CO₂.

Eskandari A., Glerum D.M, & Tsui T.Y. (2022). Influence of Indium (III) Chloride on Human Dermal Fibroblast Cell Adhesion on Tantalum/Silicon Oxide Nano-Composites. Materials, 15(10), 3577.

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Colloidal Nanocrystal Synthesis Protocol

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Silver nitrate (99%), indium(II) chloride
(99%) indium(III) chloride (98%), zinc stearate (technical grade),
1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), sulfur (99%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%),
oleylamine (OLA, 70%), and benzene-d₆ (100%,
99.6 atom % D) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.

Kowalik P., Bujak P., Penkala M., Maroń A.M., Ostrowski A., Kmita A., Gajewska M., Lisowski W., Sobczak J.W, & Pron A. (2022). Indium(II) Chloride as a Precursor in the Synthesis of Ternary (Ag–In–S) and Quaternary (Ag–In–Zn–S) Nanocrystals. Chemistry of Materials, 34(2), 809-825.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.9%), indium (III) acetate (In(Ac)₃, 99.99%), and zinc stearate (ZnO: 12.5–14%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Indium (III) chloride (InCl₃, 99.999%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleic acid (99%), acetone (>99%) and methanol (99.93%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Ethanol (>99%), chloroform (>99.9%), and hexane (95%) were purchased from Pharmco-AAPER.
The ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectra of materials were obtained with a UV-Vis spectrometer (UV-2450 from Shimadzu). Photoluminescence spectra of NCs were acquired using a spectrophotometer (RF-5301PC from Shimadzu). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra were acquired using a JEOL analytical transmission electron microscope (model JEM 2100F operated with a 200 kV acceleration voltage) equipped with an Oxford Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. Time-resolved photoluminescence lifetimes were measured by a Horiba Jobin Yvon Fluorolog-3 with a QY accessory and a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) spectrometer. The continuous excitation source was a 150 W ozone-free xenon arc-lamp. A pulsed xenon lamp or NanoLED (N-405L or N-300) was utilized as the excitation source for the photoluminescence decay measurement.

Chen S., Ahmadiantehrani M., Zhao J., Zhu S., Mamalis A.G, & Zhu X. (2016). Heat-up Synthesis of Ag-In-S and Ag-In-S/ZnS Nanocrystals: Effect of Indium Precursors on Their Optical Properties. Journal of alloys and compounds, 665, 137-143.

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Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals

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Cesium carbonate (Cs₂CO₃, 99.9%), silver acetate (Ag(OAc), 99%),
indium(III) acetate (In(OAc)₃, 99.99% trace metal basis), copper(II) acetate
(Cu(OAc)₂, 99.99% trace metal basis), cesium chloride (CsCl, 99.9%), silver
chloride (AgCl, 99.999% trace metal basis), indium(III) chloride (InCl₃,
99.999% trace metal basis), copper(II) chloride dihydrate
(CuCl₂·2H₂O, 99.0%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), oleylamine (OAm,
70%), benzoyl bromide (Bz-Br, 97%), benzoyl chloride (Bz-Cl, 99%), diphenyl ether (DPE,
99%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), hexane (anhydrous, 95%), acetone (99.5%), and
2-propanol (99.5%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received
without further purification.

Kim K., Kim H, & Park J. (2021). Bandgap Modulation of Cs2AgInX6 (X = Cl and Br) Double Perovskite Nano- and Microcrystals via Cu2+ Doping. ACS Omega, 6(41), 26952-26958.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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All the chemicals were used as received without further purification. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.99 %), indium (III) chloride (InCl3, 99.99 %), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S.9H2O), Lglutathione reduced (GSH), ammonium citrate dibasic (C6H6O7.2NH4, 98 %), zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O, 99.99 %), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (PEG-SH, Mn= 2000 Da) phosphate buffered saline tablet (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99 %), sodium hydroxide pellet (NaOH, 98 %), potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4, 98%) and glycerol (99%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich. 2-Propanol (99.8 %) and ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH, 33 %) were supplied by Fisher Scientific. The thiol (HS-(CH2)11-(EG)3-OH, Mw= 336 Da) is purchased from Prochimia. MilliQ ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ.cm) was used in all experiments. All the modified oligonucleotides were customized and purified by Eurogentec, the sequences are listed below: 5' GTGCGAGTGAATTCCGAAGGTATTT-SH 3' (ssDNAQD; ε= 247800 M -1 .cm -1 ) 5' TACCTTCGGAATTCACTCGCACTTTTTTTTTTTT-SH 3' (ssDNASPRcc; ε= 297300 M - 1 .cm -1 ) 5' GACCATCGTGCGGGTAGGTAGACCTTTTTTTTTTTT-SH 3' (ssDNASPRcontrol; ε= 332500
AIS core synthesis (cQDs) cQDs were synthesized via hot-injection synthetic method in two different ways: the "fast" and "slow" injection.

Delices A., Moodelly D., Hurot C., Hou Y., Ling W.L., Saint-Pierre C., Gasparutto D., Nogues G., Reiss P, & Kheng K. (2020). Aqueous Synthesis of DNA-Functionalized Near-Infrared AgInS₂/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 12(39).

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Synthesis of Indium-based Nanomaterials

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Indium(III) chloride (InCl₃, 99.999%),
indium(III) bromide (InBr₃, 99.999%), indium(III) iodide
(InI₃, 99.998%), selenourea (98%), dicyandiamide (99%),
cyanamide (99%), hexane (95%), toluene (99.8%), 1-octadecene (90%),
diethyl ether (99.7%), methanol (99.8%), and N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further
purification. Oleylamine (80–90%) was purchased from Acros
Organics and filtered through a 0.45 μm PTFE filter before use.

Almeida G., Dogan S., Bertoni G., Giannini C., Gaspari R., Perissinotto S., Krahne R., Ghosh S, & Manna L. (2017). Colloidal Monolayer β-In2Se3 Nanosheets with High Photoresponsivity. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(8), 3005-3011.

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Porphyrin Synthesis and Characterization

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Pyrrole, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), high purity grade silica gel (35–60 mesh particle size, thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, sodium acetate, 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, indium(III) chloride, tetraphenylporphyrin (H₂TPP), zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and gallium (III) chloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Hexane, propionic acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate, acetic acid and zinc acetate were purchased from Loba Chemie PVT Ltd, Mumbai, India. Toluene and ethyl acetate were purchased from Fisher Scientific, Leicestershire, UK. Distilled water was obtained from an ultrapure filtration system (Millipore, resistivity 18 mΩ cm⁻¹). TiO₂ P25 was purchased from Univar Canada.

Otieno S., Lanterna A.E., Mack J., Derese S., Amuhaya E.K., Nyokong T, & Scaiano J.C. (2021). Solar Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Porphyrin Sensitized TiO2: Experimental and Computational Studies. Molecules, 26(11), 3131.

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Synthesis of In2O3 Nanocrystals

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Indium(III) chloride (98%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and commercial In₂O₃ nanocrystal was purchased from Alfa Aesar.

Wang L., Dong Y., Yan T., Hu Z., Ali F.M., Meira D.M., Duchesne P.N., Loh J.Y., Qiu C., Storey E.E., Xu Y., Sun W., Ghoussoub M., Kherani N.P., Helmy A.S, & Ozin G.A. (2020). Black indium oxide a photothermal CO2 hydrogenation catalyst. Nature Communications, 11, 2432.

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