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Native page

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Native PAGE is a gel electrophoresis technique used for the separation and analysis of proteins in their native, folded state. It allows for the separation of proteins based on their size, shape, and charge without denaturing them. This technique is commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology research to study protein structure, function, and interactions.

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4 protocols using native page

1

Western Blot Analysis Protocol

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Material obtained from IP or ConA‐agarose concentration as described in the previous section was resolved either by SDS/PAGE or by nondenaturing PAGE on pre‐cast NuPAGE™ 4–12% w/v acrylamide Bis/Tris Protein Gels and NativePAGE™ 3–12% w/v acrylamide Bis/Tris Protein Gels (Bio‐Rad Laboratories Ltd), respectively. Samples were then transferred to LF‐PVDF membranes (Millipore Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK). Membranes were saturated in 5% w/v low‐fat milk (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) (New England Biolabs Ltd) in PBS‐0.1% v/v Tween, probed with the indicated primary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, USA) and revealed by ECL (Clarity; Bio‐Rad Laboratories Ltd). Western blot images were acquired with the Image Quant Las400 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, CA, USA) and analysed with image studio lite software (LI‐COR Biosciences, Cambridge, UK). Statistical analysis was performed using the graphpad prism program.
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2

Determining Native Size of Truncated FTα

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To determine the native size of truncated FTα of rat and human, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used (Superdex 200 HiLoad 16/600 columns (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Freiburg, Germany)). Therefore, FTα was expressed and purified by IMAC as described above. The resulting elution fractions were dialyzed over night at 4 °C in anion exchange chromatography buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 3 mM DTT), applied to the UNO Q6 monolith ion exchange column (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA) and eluted with an increasing NaCl gradient (from 0 to 1000 mM). The resulting peaks were analysed by SDS-PAGE, the FTα containing fractions concentrated by Vivaspin 2, (30 kDa, Sartorius, Stonehouse, UK), dialysed against SEC buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 3 mM DTT, 300 mM NaCl), applied to a SEC column (HiLoad 600 superdex 200 pg column, GE healthcare) and eluted by isocratic flow. The resulting peaks were analysed by SDS-PAGE for purity. Different amounts of pure protein (2, 3 and 5 µg) were applied to a native PAGE (BioRad) and analysed by Coomassie staining and immuno-blot as described.
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3

Purification of hTLR4-Fab01 Protein

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A single clone was reinoculated in LB medium containing 100 mg/ml of ampicillin, induced by 1 mmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 37°C and harvested 24 hours later. Both bacteria lysate and sonicated supernatant were detected by SDS-PAGE with Coomassie blue staining. The soluble hTLR4-Fab01 was purified from the periplasm by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) using His-trap Lambda Fab Select column (GE healthcare, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The purity of the hTLR4-Fab01 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (12%) or native-page (Bio-Rad, CA, USA) with Coomassie Blue staining.
The endotoxin concentration during the Fab preparation was examined with ToxinSensor Chromogenic LAL Endotoxin Assay Kit (Genscript, Nanjing, China). The hTLR4-Fab01 solution was purified with ToxinEraser endotoxin removal resin (Genscript, Nanjing, China) The final endotoxin level of Fab solution was decreased to less than 0.1 EU/ml.
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4

Quantification of H3-3A WT and Mutant Transcripts

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Total RNA was extracted from cells or tissues as described above, and reverse-transcribed with ImProm-II reverse transcriptase (Promega) using oligo-dT primers. Total H3-3A cDNA was amplified with AmpliTaq DNA polymerase (Thermo Fisher) using Fwd 5’- GGACTTTAAAACAGATCTGCGCTT and Rev 5’- GTCTTTTGGCATAATTGTTACACGT primers that sit on exon 3 and exon 4 (downstream of the H3-3A mutation site in exon 2), respectively. The H3-3AWT allele was amplified using Fwd 5’-GCTACAAAAGCCGCTCTCAA; the H3-3AK27M mutant allele was amplified using Fwd 5’- GCTACAAAAGCCGCTCGAAT; and the same Rev 5’- CCAGACGCTGGAAGGGAAGT primer was used for both. cDNA from minigenes was amplified using vector-specific (pcDNA3.1) primers, listed in Supplementary Table 2. For radioactive PCR, 0.16 μL of 250uCi [α-32P]-dCTP (PerkinElmer, NEG-013H) was added to a 20-μL PCR reaction. Amplicons were separated by 5% native PAGE (Bio-Rad), followed by phosphorimage analysis on a Typhoon 9410 phosphorimager (GE Healthcare). Band intensities were quantified using Image J, and the values normalized for the G+C content according to the DNA sequence. For RT-qPCR, 2x SYBR green master mix (Applied Biosystems) was used, and the cDNA was analyzed on a QuantStudio 6 Flex Real-Time PCR system (ThermoFisher Scientific). Fold changes were calculated using the ΔΔCq method.
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