Avasimibe

Cell proliferation was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8; Biosharp; Beijing Lanjieke Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China) assay, as previously described (13 (link)). Briefly, LLC cells in the logarithmic phase of growth were harvested, resuspended at 5×10⁴/ml, and 100 µl cells were added to a 96 well plate (5,000 cells/well) with five replicates per condition. Once adherence to the plates was achieved, a concentration gradient of avasimibe (Med Chem Express LLC, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µM was added to the corresponding wells. Following 24, 48, 72 or 96 h of incubation at 37°C, CCK-8 solution was added to each well followed by a 1–4 h incubation at 37°C. The optical density at 450 nm was then determined via a microplate reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA). Viability percentages were determined by comparing with the blank for control and treated samples.

Erastin, RSL3, ML210, and liproxstatin-1 (LIP-1) were purchased from Selleckchem. Cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, U18666A, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were obtained from TargetMol. Rosiglitazone, MβCD, avasimibe, cholesterol, betulin and IFN-γ were obtained from MedChemExpress. LDL, ox-LDL, HDL and dil-LDL were obtained from Guangzhou Yiyuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Soy phospholipid mixture, methyl linoleate, linoleic acid, lovastatin and adriamycin were purchased from Sigma.