The morphologies of nanoparticles and composites were imaged using a Quanta 600 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and JEOL 2010 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM samples were sputter coated to 3 nm thickness Pt/Pd alloy. The size distribution of particles was tested through Bruker Dimension Icon AFM. Raman spectra was tested in Horiba Jobin-Yvon LabRam HR. The absorption and reflectance spectra intensity of both liquid and solid samples were conducted with the Hitachi U-4100 UV-Vis high-resolution spectrophotometer. The photoluminescence intensity was measured with the PTI QuantaMaster series spectrofluorometer. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of composition and element chemical state were obtained by Omicron's DAR 400 series XPS system with Mg Kα radiation. The Malvern ZetaSizer NANO NS-90 was used for dynamic light scattering (DLS) testing to measure the average size of PS particles and for zeta potential tests.
Nano ns 90
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom
The NANO NS-90 is a laser-based particle size analyzer designed for the characterization of nanoparticles. It utilizes dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology to measure the size distribution and hydrodynamic diameter of particles in the range of 0.6 to 6,000 nanometers. The instrument provides accurate and reproducible results for a wide variety of samples, including colloidal dispersions, emulsions, and suspensions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
3 protocols using nano ns 90
1
Multimodal Characterization of Nanoparticles
2
POPC/POPG Lipid Vesicle Preparation
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Lipid films of POPC/POPG mixture at 7:3 molar ratio were obtained from lipids dissolved in chloroform:methanol (2:1) in round-bottom flasks. Organic solvent was removed by drying the lipid film under a N2 flux, and then, under vacuum overnight. Lipid films were then hydrated with CBP buffer containing either 25 mM calcein for leakage experiments or 150 mM NaF for CD or 150 mM NaCl for tryptophan quenching by acrylamide and submitted to an intense vortex. LUVs were obtained by extrusion using an Avanti Mini-Extruder (Alabaster, AL) and double-stacked polycarbonate membrane (Nuclepore Track-etch Membrane, Whatman) in two steps: firstly 6 and 11 times through polycarbonate membranes of 0.4 and 0.1 µm pore size, respectively. Dynamic light scattering measurements with a Zetasizer Nano NS-90 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, U.K.) of pure lipid vesicle suspension showed an average vesicle radius of 66± 6 nm. Only fresh vesicle suspension were used in the experiments. For leakage experiments, gel filtration was used to remove the fluorescent dye outside the liposomes.
3
Preparation of Albumin-Coated DDFP Nanodroplets
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The droplets of liquid dodecafluoropentane (DDFP, C 5 F 12 , boiling point of 29 , Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) enclosed in an albumin shell (bovine serum albumin, BSA, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were prepared as previously described in an earlier literature First, 0.3 mL of DDFP and 9.7 mL of degassed deionized water were mixed and emulsified with an ultrasonic liquid processor (VCX 750, Sonics & Materials Inc, USA) for 30 s. Then, the resulting emulsion was poured slowly into a 5-mL albumin solution (20 mg/mL) to coat the droplet with an albumin shell, which was used to stabilize the emulsion by lowering the surface tension of the droplets as well as inhibiting coalescence. After coating, the mixture was filtered through a disposable syringe filter (450 nm pore size, polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, Whatman, Inc., Pisataway, NJ, USA). Although the boiling point of DDFP in bulk is 29 , it has been reported that DDFP in the form of nanodroplets has a higher boiling point of at least 74 [6] . Furthermore, the size distribution of the DDFP droplets was examined by a laser particle size analyzer (Nano-NS90, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK).
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