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77 protocols using ltf 2

1

Combination Therapy for Mammary Tumor Regression

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Mouse procedures and studies were approved by the Vanderbilt Division of Animal Care and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Established MMTV-Neu mammary tumor cells or primary MMTV-polyoma V middle-T mammary tumor cells (1 × 106) were orthotopically injected into the 4th mammary fat pads of FVB/n mice (or athymic nu/nu mice, for MMTV-Neu). Following the establishment of tumors (~100–200 mm3), the mice were treated with diluent or guadecitabine (3 mg/kg, I.P. injection, 3 continuous days), or in combination with isotype IgG (BioXcell, clone LTF-2, 100 µg intraperitoneal, on days 3, 7, 10, 14) or α-PD-L1 (BioXcell, clone 10F. 9G2, 100 µg intraperitoneal, on days 3, 7, 10, 14). For T cell infiltration analysis, mice were euthanized on Day 7 after the initiation of treatment and tumor samples were collected for IHC. Six to eight (6–8) mice were used for each treatment arm for these studies. For tumor growth analysis, tumor was measured 2–3 times weekly with calipers and volume was calculated in mm3 using the formula (length x width x width/2). Mice were humanely euthanized when the tumor volume reached 2 cm3 or 5 weeks initiation of treatment (4–5 weeks for the combination study). At least five mice were used for each treatment arm for tumor growth studies.
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2

Neutrophil Depletion in Infection

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Anti-GR1 (Bio X Cell, clone RB6-8C5) or a rat IgG2b isotype control (Bio X Cell, clone LTF2) antibodies were injected intraperitoneally from 1 to 3 days post-infection (0.25 mg per mouse and per day), in saline. The efficacy of the depletion was assessed by histology and flow cytometry (data not shown).
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3

T Cell Depletion and Recruitment Protocol

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CD8+ and CD4+ T cell depletions were accomplished with mouse anti-CD8 (BioXcell, Clone 2.43) and mouse anti-CD4 (BioXcell, Clone GK1.5), respectively. Depleting antibodies were given via i.p. injection at 200 μg/injection every two days starting on D6. For T cell recruitment studies, mouse anti-CXCR3 antibody (BioXcell, Clone CXCR3-173) was administered i.p, at 200 μg/injection. Prevention of T cell LN egress was performed with fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720; Cayman, 10006292) administered i.p. every other day at 2 mg/kg. All antibody experiments utilized isotype controls (BioXcell, Clone 2A3 or LTF-2).
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4

T-cell Adoptive Transfer for Immunotherapy

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C57BL/6 mice and BALB/c nude mice were purchased from Japan Clea (Tokyo, Japan). Sult2b1–/– mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (stock no. 018773, Bar Harbor, ME, USA), which had been backcrossed with C57BL/6 mice more than seven generations before use (21 (link)). DOCK2–/– mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background have been described previously (13 (link)) and were used in some experiments after crossing with OTII T-cell receptor (TCR) Tg mice. Mice were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions in the animal facility of Kyushu University. The animal experiment protocol was approved by the committee of Ethics of Animal Experiments, Kyushu University. When indicated, 200 µl of anti-mouse PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody (10F.9G2, 1 mg ml−1, BioXCell, West Lebanon, NH, USA) or isotype-matched control (LTF-2, 1 mg ml−1, BioXCell) was injected intra-peritoneally into tumor-bearing mice. For T-cell transfer, activated OTII CD4+ T (2 × 106) and OTI CD8+ T cells (5 × 105) were injected intravenously into tumor-bearing mice.
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5

Orthotopic HCC Model for Immunotherapy

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An orthotopic HCC model was established as described in supplementary methods using a luciferase-stably transfected mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa1–6,31 (link) in which Ccrk knockout (CrCcrk) or control (CrCtrl) cells were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and confirmed by sequencing and western blot. Orthotopic tumour-bearing mice were treated by BM-derived polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs from naïve CAG-DsRed fluorescence protein (RFP) TG mouse or lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles optimised for delivering plasmid DNA encoding an IL-6 protein trap (pIL-6-trap) or green fluorescent protein control (pGFP)32 as described in supplementary methods. In addition, a large hepatoma model was established by injection of 5×106 cells into the liver capsule. CrCtrl or CrCcrk tumour-bearing mice were treated with PD-L1 blockade antibody (10F.9G2, Bio-X-Cell) or rat IgG2b control (LTF-2, Bio-X-Cell) via intraperitoneal injection (200 μg/each), followed by tumorigenicity and immunophenotypical assessments.33 (link)
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6

Nephrotoxic Serum-Induced Kidney Injury

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NTN was induced in male mice (8–12 weeks old) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 2.5 mg nephrotoxic sheep serum per gram of mouse body weight as described previously46 (link). Mice were sacrificed 8 days after NTN induction. To assess systemic antibody response, heart blood was drawn from individual mice. One day before killing, mice were housed in metabolic cages for urine collection. Albuminuria was determined by ELISA (Mice-Albumin Kit; Bethyl, Montgomery, TX). C57BL/6 mice were treated i.p. with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (250 µg/mouse; 10 F.9G2; BioXCell, West Lebanon, NH) daily starting one day after NTN induction. As isotype control, mice received rat IgG2b (250 µg/mouse; LTF-2; BioXCell). PD-L1/ mice received i.p. an anti-IFNγ antibody (250 µg/mouse; XMG1.2; BioXCell) one day before and 4 days after NTN induction. As isotype control, rat IgG1 (1 mg/mouse; HRPN; BioXCell) was injected.
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7

Evaluating APR-246 and Immunotherapies in Mice

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APR-246 was provided by Aprea Therapeutics under a material transfer agreement. APR-246 was reconstituted in PBS just prior to injection and used at 100 mg/kg per mouse administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily as depicted in respective experiments; PBS was used as vehicle control. Therapeutic in vivo monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) anti–PD-1 (RMP1-14) and anti–CTLA-4 (9D9), corresponding IgG isotype controls (2A3 and MPC-11), and depleting mAbs anti-CD4 (GK1.5) and anti-CD8 (2.43) and their IgG isotype controls (LTF-2) were purchased from Bio X Cell. RMP1-14 (250 μg) and 2A3 (250 μg) were administered i.p. twice weekly beginning on day 7 for up to 4 doses. Depleting mAbs GK1.5 (560 μg) and 2.43 (400 μg) were administered i.p. twice weekly beginning on day 7 for 4 doses.
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8

Anti-CD4 Antibody Treatment in Mice

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GK1.5, a rat anti mouse CD4 mAb and LTF-2, a rat isotype control IgG2b were purchased from Bio X Cell. Mice received intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg GK1.5 or LTF-2 as the isotype control on day 0.
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9

In vivo T-cell depletion and serum transfer

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CD4 or CD8 T-cell subsets were depleted in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of 250 µg of anti-CD4 (rat IgG2b, Clone GK1.5, Bio X Cell) or anti-CD8 (rat IgG2b, Clone 53-6.7, Bio X Cell) antibody 1 day before and 1 day after challenge. As control, an isotype-matched antibody (rat IgG2b, LTF-2, Bio X Cell) was used. For long-term depletion of CD4 T cells, injection was performed 2 days before prime vaccination and twice a week thereafter. At Day 39 (4 days post RSV-A2 challenge), the efficacy of these treatments was determined by FACS analysis of heparinized whole blood and splenocytes. Briefly, cells were treated with a purified anti-mouse CD16/CD32 monoclonal antibody (1:50, Fc Block™, BD) prior to staining with CD8 FITC (1:200; BioLegend) and CD4 brilliant violet 785 (1:200, BioLegend). For live versus dead cell discrimination, Zombie Aqua™ (1:200, BioLegend) was used. All cells were acquired using a digital flow cytometer (LSR II, BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star).
Serum from MVA-RSV-vaccinated or mock-treated control mice was transferred by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1 ml of serum to non-vaccinated BALB/c mice 1 day before challenge.
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10

Antibody characterization and in vivo use

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The 314.8 mAb (mouse IgG1 anti-human ICOS) has been described before.21 Isotype controls (mouse IgG1, MOPC-1; rat IgG2b, LTF-2) and anti-Gr1 mAb (rat IgG2b, RB6-8C5) were purchased from BioXcell (West Lebanon, NH, USA). The MT807R1 recombinant Ig consisting of rhesus IgG1k constant regions and CDRs derived from the anti-human CD8 antibody M-T807 grafted into rhesus variable framework regions and was provided by the Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource (NIH contract HHSN272200900037C and grant RR016001). The antibody was expressed in vitro using serum-free medium and purified by protein-A affinity chromatography. Endotoxin was <1EU/mg. Cyclophosphamide (CTX, Sigma Aldrich) was prepared extemporaneously according to supplier technical data sheet, i.e to 20 mg/ml of injectable water. All reagents were injected intraperitoneally.
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