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Ab31940

Manufactured by Abcam
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Ab31940 is a primary antibody targeting the protein of interest. It is suitable for use in immunocytochemistry and western blotting applications. The antibody is produced in rabbit and supplied as a liquid solution.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ab18465, by Abcam (24 mentions) Ab51502, by Abcam (11 mentions) Ab23345, by Abcam (8 mentions) Ab15580, by Abcam (7 mentions) 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions) Mab377, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Ab13970, by Abcam (5 mentions) Alexa fluor conjugated secondary antibody, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Sc 13024, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (4 mentions) Alexa fluor 488, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Fluoromount g, by Southern Biotech (3 mentions) A2052, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Mab354, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ab6326, by Abcam (3 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Prb 278p, by Fortrea (3 mentions) Ab79351, by Abcam (3 mentions) Ab54583, by Abcam (3 mentions) Ab10543, by Abcam (3 mentions) Goat anti mouse igg2a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)

64 protocols using ab31940

1

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Neural Markers

Cited 2 times
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Immunohistochemistry was performed as described (Rich et al., 2018 (link)). Primary antibodies were used against olfactory marker protein (Omp; goat, Wako 019-22291, Research Resource Identifier [RRID]: AB_664696; 1:500), Sox10 (rabbit, gift of Vivian Lee, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, 1:3,000; Meng, Yuan, & Lee, 2011 ; Yardley & Garcia-Castro, 2012 (link)), Tbr1 (rabbit, Abcam ab31940, RRID: AB_2200219; 1:1,000; expression data summarized in File S3) and Tubb3 (neuronal αIII tubulin; mouse IgG2a, clone TUJ1, Covance MMS-435P, RRID:AB_2313773; 1:250). Matched AlexaFluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used at 1:1,000. For triple immunostaining, anti-Tubb3 was detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody (goat antimouse IgG2a, Invitrogen, 1:100), followed by Alexa350-conjugated NeutrAvidin (Molecular Probes, 1:100). Slides were mounted with Fluoromount G (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL) or Vectashield with 4’,6-diamidino-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI; Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA).
Perera S.N., Williams R.M., Lyne R., Stubbs O., Buehler D.P., Sauka-Spengler T., Noda M., Micklem G., Southard-Smith E.M, & Baker C.V. (2020). Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser-microdissection and transcriptome-profiling approach. Glia, 68(12), 2550-2584.
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2

Immunostaining of Neural Cell Cultures

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Cells (~ 1 × 105) were cultured on a cover glass in a 12‐well plate with 700 μL of medium. The neural cells were allowed to grow to desired morphology and density before staining procedure. Cells were first washed once with PBS and fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde/4% sucrose in PBS at room temp, followed by permeabilization and DNA denaturation by 0.2% TritonX‐100 in 4 m HCl. After that, the cells were washed with PBS and blocked in 80 μL BSA (3%). The cells were incubated with anti‐FOXG1 (ab18259; Abcam), Ki‐67 (BD, 550609), Otx1/2 (ab21990; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PAX6 (ab195045; Abcam), NESTIN (BD, 561230), Nkx2.1 (MAB5460; Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), MAP2 (M4403; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), GABA (A2052; Sigma) VGAT (131011; Synaptic systems, Goettingen, Germany), SYNAPSIN (Abcam), TBR1 (ab31940; Abcam), GAT1 and Glutamate (ab1511; Millipore) in BSA (3%) at 4 °C overnight, and then conjugated with and Hoechst 33342 or DAPI. The glass slides were mounted with a cover slip before imaging.
Tu J., Cao D., Li L., Cheung H, & Chan W. (2018). MicroRNA profiling during directed differentiation of cortical interneurons from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Open Bio, 8(4), 502-512.
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3

Antibody Characterization for Cell Biology Research

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The following antibodies were used in this study: γ-tubulin (aa 38–53) GTU-88 (T6557, mouse, used at 1/10000 for WB and 1/1000 for IF/IHC, Sigma); Gamma-tubulin (434–451) TU-30 (ab27074, mouse, used at 1/1000, Abcam); GAPDH (MAB374, mouse, used at 1/1000, Chemicon); Cux1 (sc-13024, rabbit, used at 1/100, Santa Cruz); Cux1 (11733-AP, used at 1/100, Proteintech); GFP (A10262, chicken, used at 1/1000, ThermoFisher); CTIP2 (ab18465, rat, used at 1/500, Abcam); NeuN (MAB377, mouse, used at 1/500, Millipore); SATB2 (ab51502, mouse, used at 1/400, Abcam); TBR1 (ab31940, rabbit, used at 1/500, Abcam); Pax6 (PRB-278P, rabbit, used at 1/100, Eurogentec); Tbr2 (14–4875–80, rat, used at 1/200, eBioscience); PH3 (06–570, rabbit, used at 1/500, Millipore); Ki67 (NCL-L-Ki67-MM1, mouse, used at 1/500, Leica); Anti-tRFP (AB234, rabbit used at 1/5000 for WB, Evrogen); GCP4 (sc-271876, mouse, used at 1/1000 for WB, Santa Cruz); Anti-mouse antibody conjugated with HRP (W402B, goat, used at1/10000 for WB, Promega); Anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with HRP (W401B, goat, used at 1/100000 for WB, Promega). Anti-GCP2 antibody GCP2-01 (mouse monoclonal IgG2b) used for immunoprecipitation was described previously58 (link); Anti-GCP2 antibody GCP2-02 (mouse monoclonal IgG1, in the form of hybridoma spent culture supernatant, used at 1/10 for WB) was described previously58 (link).
Ivanova E.L., Gilet J.G., Sulimenko V., Duchon A., Rudolf G., Runge K., Collins S.C., Asselin L., Broix L., Drouot N., Tilly P., Nusbaum P., Vincent A., Magnant W., Skory V., Birling M.C., Pavlovic G., Godin J.D., Yalcin B., Hérault Y., Dráber P., Chelly J, & Hinckelmann M.V. (2019). TUBG1 missense variants underlying cortical malformations disrupt neuronal locomotion and microtubule dynamics but not neurogenesis. Nature Communications, 10, 2129.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Murine Brain Tissue

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Brains were taken out immediately after perfusion and were postfixed for 1 h (P0), 1–2 h (P4–P14) or 1–4 h (P21). After the postfixation, the brains were washed in 0.1 m phosphate buffer for 20 min and were sunk in 30% sucrose/0.1 m phosphate buffer. Sections were cut as described above for in situ hybridization. The following primary antibodies were used: β-galactosidase (β-gal; 1:100, goat, catalog #55976, Cappel; 1:500, chicken, catalog #ab9361, Abcam); SOX6 (1:100, rabbit, catalog #ab30455, Abcam); SP8 (1:100, goat, catalog #sc-104661, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); CTIP2 (1:200, rat, catalog #ab18465, Abcam); TBR1 (1:200, rabbit, catalog #ab31940, Abcam; 1:200, chicken, catalog #AB2261, Millipore); PV (1:500, rabbit, catalog #PV27, SWANT); somatostatin (SST; 1:100, rat, catalog #MAB354, Millipore); LIM Homeobox 6 (LHX6; 1:50, mouse, catalog #sc-271433, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2; 1:200, rabbit, catalog #104 202, Synaptic Systems); NetrinG1 (1:100, goat, catalog #AF1166, R&D Systems); and cleaved caspase 3 (1:100, rabbit, catalog #D175, Cell Signaling Technology). Secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy2, Cy3, or Cy5 were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch.
Larsen R., Proue A., Scott E.P., Christiansen M, & Nakagawa Y. (2019). The Thalamus Regulates Retinoic Acid Signaling and Development of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Postnatal Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro, 6(1), ENEURO.0018-19.2019.
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5

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Neuronal Markers

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Cell cultures were fixed in 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde in PBS and blocked with 5% normal donkey serum in 0.3% (v/v) Tween 20 in Tris-buffered saline before immunofluorescent staining. Primary antibodies used were anti-MAP2 (ab5392, Abcam), anti-CTIP2 (ab18465, Abcam), and anti-TBR1 (ab31940, Abcam), and secondary antibodies were Alexa Fluor conjugated. Stained cells were imaged on an Olympus FV1000 inverted confocal microscope and data imported into PerkinElmer Volocity for visualization.
Brownjohn P.W., Smith J., Portelius E., Serneels L., Kvartsberg H., De Strooper B., Blennow K., Zetterberg H, & Livesey F.J. (2017). Phenotypic Screening Identifies Modulators of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Human Stem Cell Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Stem Cell Reports, 8(4), 870-882.
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6

Immunohistochemical Labeling of Neural Markers

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Rat anti-BrdU (1:250, Abcam, #AB6326), rat anti-CTIP2 (1:500, Abcam, #AB18465), rabbit anti-CTIP2 (1:500, Abcam, #AB28448), rabbit anti-CUX1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, #sc-13024), rabbit anti-FITC (1:2000, Abcam, #AB19491), goat anti-FITC (1:1000, Novus Biolab, #NB600-493), mouse anti-SATB2 (1:200, Abcam, #AB51502), rabbit anti-TBR1 (1:500, Abcam, #AB31940).
Magrinelli E., Baumann N., Wagener R.J., Glangetas C., Bellone C., Jabaudon D, & Klingler E. (2022). Heterogeneous fates of simultaneously-born neurons in the cortical ventricular zone. Scientific Reports, 12, 6022.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Organoids and Brains

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Samples of organoids and mice brains were subjected to a standard pipeline for immunofluorescence staining, with the following primary antibodies: anti-PAX6 (Thermo Fisher, 42-6600, 1:400), anti-CTIP2 (Abcam, ab18465, 1:200), anti-SOX2 (R&D, AF2018, 1:400), anti-NEUN (Abcam; ab177484, 1:200), anti-TBR1 (Abcam, ab31940, 1:200), anti-CTIP2 (Abcam, ab18465, 1:200) and anti-SATB2 (Abcam, ab92446, 1:200). Images were taken under a confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss LSM880) and processed using ZEN 2012 (version 1.1.0.0). Cells were manually counted using ImageJ.
An N.A., Zhang J., Mo F., Luan X., Tian L., Shen Q.S., Li X., Li C., Zhou F., Zhang B., Ji M., Qi J., Zhou W.Z., Ding W., Chen J.Y., Yu J., Zhang L., Shu S., Hu B, & Li C.Y. (2023). De novo genes with an lncRNA origin encode unique human brain developmental functionality. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(2), 264-278.
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8

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Neural Markers

Cited 2 times
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Immunohistochemistry was performed as described (Rich et al., 2018 (link)). Primary antibodies were used against olfactory marker protein (Omp; goat, Wako 019-22291, Research Resource Identifier [RRID]: AB_664696; 1:500), Sox10 (rabbit, gift of Vivian Lee, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, 1:3,000; Meng, Yuan, & Lee, 2011 ; Yardley & Garcia-Castro, 2012 (link)), Tbr1 (rabbit, Abcam ab31940, RRID: AB_2200219; 1:1,000; expression data summarized in File S3) and Tubb3 (neuronal αIII tubulin; mouse IgG2a, clone TUJ1, Covance MMS-435P, RRID:AB_2313773; 1:250). Matched AlexaFluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used at 1:1,000. For triple immunostaining, anti-Tubb3 was detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody (goat antimouse IgG2a, Invitrogen, 1:100), followed by Alexa350-conjugated NeutrAvidin (Molecular Probes, 1:100). Slides were mounted with Fluoromount G (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL) or Vectashield with 4’,6-diamidino-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI; Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA).
Perera S.N., Williams R.M., Lyne R., Stubbs O., Buehler D.P., Sauka-Spengler T., Noda M., Micklem G., Southard-Smith E.M, & Baker C.V. (2020). Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser-microdissection and transcriptome-profiling approach. Glia, 68(12), 2550-2584.
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9

Immunohistochemistry of Brain Sections

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Cryostat sections (20 μm) were washed with PBS, blocked for 1 h with 5% goat serum (16210072, Gibco, New Zealand origin) in PBS and then incubated in the following primary antibodies: anti-Reelin (1:3000, MAB5364, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), anti-Tbr1 (1:1000, AB31940, ABCAM, Cambridge, MA, USA) or anti-Calbindin (1:1000, AB1778, Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA) for 16 h at 4°C in PBS containing 5% goat serum and 0.1% Triton X-100. Sections were subsequently washed with PBS and a second blocking step was performed. Secondary antibody incubation (1:1000) was performed with Anti-mouse-Cy3 antibodies (115–166–003, Jackson Immunoresearch, Bar Harbor, ME, USA), Anti-mouse Cy5 antibodies (115–175–146, Jackson Immunoresearch) or Anti-rabbit Cy3 antibodies (111–166–003, Jackson Immunoresearch) in PBS containing 5% goat serum and 0.1% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were then washed with PBS and mounted in Mowiol mounting medium [9% Mowiol 4–88 (475904 Calbiochem, Billerica, MA, USA), 25% Glycerol, 100 mM Tris pH 8.5].
Frade-Pérez M.D., Miquelajáuregui A, & Varela-Echavarría A. (2017). Origin and Migration of Olfactory Cajal-Retzius Cells. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 11, 97.
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10

Immunodetection of ZIKV in Organoids

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Human and Chimp organoids were infected with MOI of 0.1 and analyzed after 24 and 96 hours p.i. Organoids were cryosectioned at 20 um. Immunofluorescence was performed after blocking sections in a solution with 0.1% Triton and 3% BSA (Gemini) for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibodies were diluted in a solution with 0.1% Triton and 3% BSA, and the sections were incubated with following antibodies: anti-ZIKV, anti-flavivirus, anti-MAP2, anti-cleaved-caspase-3 and anti-Sox2, all mentioned above, and anti-PAX6 (rabbit, Covance PRB-278P, 1:100), anti-TBR1 (rabbit, Abcam ab31940, 1:300), CTIP2 (rat, Abcam ab18465, 1:100) and Ki67 (rabbit, Abcam ab15580, 1:100). The sections were blocked with 0.1% Triton (Sigma-Aldrich) and 3% BSA for 30 min at room temperature and the secondary antibodies previously diluted, the same mentioned above, were added. The nuclei were stained with DAPI, as mentioned above and slides were mounted with DPX (Sigma-Aldrich).
Cugola F.R., Fernandes I.R., Russo F.B., Freitas B.C., Dias J.L., Guimarães K.P., Benazzato C., Almeida N., Pignatari G.C., Romero S., Polonio C.M., Cunha I., Freitas C.L., Brandão W.N., Rossato C., Andrade D.G., Faria D.D., Garcez A.T., Buchpigel C.A., Braconi C.T., Mendes E., Sall A.A., Zanotto P.M., Peron J.P., Muotri A.R, & Beltrão-Braga P.C. (2016). The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models. Nature, 534(7606), 267-271.
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