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65 protocols using anti vimentin antibody

1

Molecular Mechanisms of GDF15 in Cholesterol Regulation

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The following antibodies were used for western blot analysis; anti-GDF15 antibody (cat.no. ab223539; Abcam), anti-snail antibody (cat.no. ab53519; Abcam), anti-slug antibody (cat.no. ab106077; Abcam), anti-β-actin antibody (cat.no. ab8224; Abcam), anti-E-cadherin antibody (cat.no. ab40772; Abcam), anti-Vimentin antibody (cat.no. ab92547; Abcam), anti-SCAP antibody (cat.no. ab125186; Abcam), anti-SREBF2 antibody (cat.no. ab30682; Abcam), and anti-HMGCR antibody (cat.no. ab174830; Abcam). Antibodies used for immunohistochemistry analysis were as follows; anti-GDF15 antibody (cat.no. ab223539; Abcam), anti-E-cadherin antibody (cat.no. ab40772; Abcam), anti-Vimentin antibody (cat.no. ab92547; Abcam), anti-SCAP antibody (cat.no. ab125186; Abcam), anti-SREBF2 antibody (cat.no. ab30682; Abcam), and anti-HMGCR antibody (cat.no. ab174830; Abcam). β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Cholesterol-Water Soluble powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Matrigel was purchased from Advanced BioMatrix (San Diego, CA). High-cholesterol diet was purchased from Trophic Animal Feed High-Tech Co., Ltd. (Nantong, China).
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2

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Protein Analysis

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Cells were incubated in buffer containing 50 mM Tris pH 7.2, 300 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, a panel of protease inhibitor mixture, and 2 mM sodium orthovanadate for 20 min. Whole cell lysates were subjected to NuPAGE (10% Bis-Tris gels, Invitrogen) and Western blotting with anti-E-cadherin antibody (BD Biosciences), anti-twist antibody (Santa Cruz), anti-fibronectin antibody (Millipore), anti-vimentin antibody (Abcam, 5G3F10), and anti-tubulin (Sigma). The immunoblots were developed with the ECF system (GE Healthcare).
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3

Investigating Cytokine Regulation in Scratch-Induced Wound Healing

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HaCaT cells were grown to confluence on 24-well microplates (Iwaki) and scratched with or without the combination of 0.1 μg/ml poly I:C and anti-IL-8 antibody (1:200) as described above. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde 24 h after the scratch. Cells were washed with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) in PBS and incubated with 3% BSA for 30 min. Next, the cells were incubated with anti-IL-8 antibody (1:50; IBL), anti-TGF-β1 antibody (1:100; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-E-cadherin antibody (1:100; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-vimentin antibody (1:150; Abcam), and anti-Snail 1 antibody (1:150; Abcam) for two hours at room temperature. Then, the cells were washed and incubated with the secondary antibody, CF488A-labeled anti-rabbit antibody (Biotium, Hayward, CA, USA), for 30 min at room temperature. For negative controls, the primary antibody was replaced with 1% BSA in PBS. Samples were counterstained with 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride (Biotium) for nuclear staining. To maintain cytokines in the cells, brefeldin A (50 μg/ml; Sigma) was added to the culture medium 4.5 h before fixation (only for IL-8 and TGF-β1 staining).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Western blot was performed as described previously [48 (link)]. The blots were incubated overnight with primary anti-PARP-1 antibody (Abcam), anti-CXCL1 antibody (Abcam), anti-MMP9 antibody (Abcam), anti-VEGFA antibody (Abcam), anti-E-cardherin antibody (Abcam), anti-Vimentin antibody (Abcam), anti-Snail1 antibody (Abcam), anti-Slug antibody (Abcam), anti-Twist antibody (Abcam), and anti-GAPDH antibody (Abcam).
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5

Protein Expression and Regulation

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Total proteins were extracted and separated using SDS‐PAGE gels. Anti‐SETD2 antibody (Invitrogen), anti‐E‐cadherin antibody (Cell Signaling Technology), anti‐vimentin antibody (Abcam), and H3K36me3 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) were used at a concentration of 1:2000. H3 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000) and GAPDH antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:2000) were used as loading controls.
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6

Protein Expression Analysis in HK-2 Cells

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Proteins were obtained from HK-2 cell lysates and animal tissue, using RIPA buffer (Thermo, USA) containing Complete, Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, USA) and Halt Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo, USA). To examine the expression of proteins, separated protein in SDS/PAGE (gradient gels) were transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF) (Bio-rad, USA), and then incubated with 5% BSA (sigma) for blocking. The membranes were incubated with anti-GAPDH antibody (Santacruz, USA), anti-type 1 collagen antibody (abcam, UK), anti-fibronectin antibody (abcam), anti-α-SMA antibody, anti-Vimentin antibody, anti-Lin28a antibody, anti-phospho-ERK antibody, anti-ERK antibody, anti-phospho-JNK antibody, anti-JNK antibody, anti-phospho-p38 antibody, anti-p38 antibody, anti-phospho-smad3 antibody and anti-smad3 antibody (Cell signaling, USA). After incubating with HRP-linked antibody (Cell signaling), the protein expression on blots was detected by ChemiDocTMXRS+ (Bio-rad) and the bands were quantified using the Image LabTM Software (Bio-rad).
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7

Cisplatin and PI3K/AKT Inhibitor Protocol

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Cisplatin (cat. no. HY-17394) and PI3K/AKT inhibitor (cat. no. HY-10108) were purchased from MedChemExpress. The antibodies used for western blot and immunohistochemistry were as follows: anti-DKK1 antibody (cat. no. ab307367), anti-Phospho-PI3K antibody (cat. no. 4228) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Ki67 antibody (cat. no. ab15580) was purchased from Abcam; anti-vimentin antibody (cat. no. 60330-1-lg), anti-N-cadherin antibody (cat. no. 22018-1-AP), anti-E-cadherin antibody (cat. no. 60335-1-lg), anti-GAPDH antibody (cat. no. 60004-1-Ig), anti-PI3K antibody (cat. no. 60225-1-Ig), anti-AKT antibody (cat. no. 60203-2-Ig), anti-Phospho-AKT (cat. no. 28731-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech Group (Rosemont, IL, USA). HRP-linked secondary antibody anti-rabbit lgG (cat. no. 7074) and anti-mouse lgG (cat. no. 7076) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology.
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8

Gastric Tissue Analysis and Immunostaining

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Patient stomach tissues were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College after obtaining informed consent and institutional approval. The anti-MAL antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). The rabbit anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody, anti-STAT3 (phospho-Y705) antibody, anti-snail + slug antibody, anti-vimentin antibody, anti-E-cadherin antibody, anti-STAT3 antibody, anti-GAPDH antibody, anti-alpha SMA antibody, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) antibody, HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) antibody, Alexa Fluor® 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) antibody were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, United States).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Total protein samples were extracted form cells using RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) with PMSF. Protein concentration was quantified using a BCA kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). Equal amounts of protein (30 µg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. The Membranes were then blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature, and incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Then, the membranes were incubated with the corresponding HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The protein bands were visualized using an ECL kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). The gray values of the protein bands were quantified using ImageJ 1.51 software (National Institutes of Health) and relative expression levels were calculated. The following antibodies were employed: Anti-NASP (1:1,000; cat. no. ab181169; Abcam), anti-N cadherin (1:3,000; cat. no. ab76011; Abcam), anti-E cadherin (1:1,000; cat. no. ab231303; Abcam), anti-vimentin antibody (1:1,000; cat. no. ab16700; Abcam), anti-GAPDH (1:5,000; cat. no. ab8245; Abcam), goat anti-rabbit (1:3,000; cat. no. 7074; CST Biological Reagents Co., Ltd.) and horse anti-mouse (1:3,000; cat. no. 7076; CST Biological Reagents Co., Ltd.).
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10

Immunohistochemical Staining for Vimentin and S100β

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Anti-Vimentin antibody (catalog number ab92547) was from Abcam and the anti-S100β antibody (catalog number Z0311) was from Dako (Agilent Technologies); 0.3% Triton X-100 in 3% milk powder, prepared in PBS, was used for blocking. The sections were incubated with the primary antibody anti-Vimentin (1:300) and anti-S100β (1:500) overnight at 4°C, followed by staining with the secondary antibodies.
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