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40 protocols using anti cd3 apc

1

Quantifying T Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry

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T cell subpopulations and the efficiency of T cell isolation from PBMCs were quantified by three-color staining using the following sets of mAbs: (1) anti-CD18 FITC (Becton–Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA), anti-CD3 APC (eBioscience) and anti-CD4 PE (eBioscience) or (2) anti-CD18 FITC (BD), anti-CD3 APC (eBioscience) and anti-CD8 PE (eBioscience). Percentages of T cells (gated on CD18+ and CD3+) expressing CD4 or CD8 were measured by flow cytometry (Additional file 1: Table S2, Figure S1). All FACS data were acquired on a FACS Verse (BD) using BD FACSuite™ software (BD). Data were analyzed using FlowJo software version 10 (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA).
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2

Flow cytometric analysis of bladder immune cells

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Bladders were aseptically removed, minced with scissors, and digested at 37° for 30 minutes in RPMI-1640 with 10mM HEPES, collagenase D (C5318, Sigma-Aldrich), and DNAse (10104159001, Sigma-Aldrich). Bladders were forced through a 70 μm cell strainer (352350, Corning) and washed with 5% FBS in PBS. Single cell suspensions were stained with anti-CD45-eFluor450 (48–0451-82, eBioscience), anti-CD3-APC (17–0032-82, eBioscience), anti-CD19-PE (115511, BioLegend), anti-CD4-FITC (100405, BioLegend), anti-CD8-PE/Cy7 (100721, BioLegend), anti-CD138-BrillantViolet605 (142515, BioLegend), and 7-AAD (420404, BioLegend). Data was acquired on LSR II flow cytometer (BD) and analyzed with FlowJo software v10.0. Gates were determined with isotype antibodies in bladder suspensions from young mice.
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3

Characterization of Th17 and Treg Cells

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LPLs and pLN cells stimulated for 4 hours with PMA (50 ng/ml; Sigma), ionomycine (1 μg/ml; Sigma), and the Golgi-traffic inhibitor Brefeldin (1 μl/ml; BD Biosciences). Cells were stained with anti-CD3-PE (BD Pharmingen) or anti-CD3-APC (eBioscience) and anti-CD4-APC (Biolegend) or anti-CD4-FITC (BD Pharmingen). Next, the cells were fixed and permeabilized using fixation/permeabilization buffer (eBioscience). For intracellular staining the cells were incubated in permeabilization buffer (eBioscience) containing anti-IL-17-FITC (Biolegend), anti-IFNγ-FITC (BD Pharmingen), anti-IL-4-PE (BD Pharmingen) or Foxp3-FITC (eBioscience). An appropriate isotype matched control antibody was used in all FACS analyses. Cells were analyzed on a FACS Calibur using the CellQuest software (BD Biosciences). Results were analyzed with FlowJo version 7.6.5.
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Germinal Center Formation in Mice

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To look at germinal center formation in mice, lungs and lymph nodes were harvested 24 days after the first challenge with NC99 H1N1. Lungs from each mouse were processed through 70 um cell strainer separately, red blood cells were lysed, and resuspended in FACS buffer. Collected lymph nodes from mice were pooled per group and made into single-cell homogenates by forcing them through a cell strainer. To stain the cells, Fc receptor were blocked using anti-CD16/CD32 (BD), anti-B220-AF700, anti-GL7-e420, anti-Fas-PE Cy7, anti-IgM-PerCpCy5.5, and anti-CD3-APC (all eBioscience) were used.
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5

Th17 and Treg Cell Quantification

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SIC and LNC were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin as described above and then incubated with 10% normal rat serum for 15 min. The T cells among SIC and LNC were surface-stained with anti-CD3 APC, anti-CD4 FITC, and/or anti-CD25 PE (all from eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA).22 (link) For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Fixation/ Permeabilization Kit (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) followed by staining with anti-rat/mouse IL-17A eFlour 450 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) and/or anti-rat IFNγ (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).22 (link) Foxp3 was stained using anti-mouse/rat Foxp3 eFlour 450 (eBioscience). Using LSRII flow cytometer (BD Bioscience) (Flow Cytometry Shared Service, UMB), lymphocytes were acquired after setting “gates” for size (forward scatter) and cell complexity (side scatter) and further gated for CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. Thereafter, CD4+IL-17A+ gates and CD25+Foxp3+ gates were used to quantify Th17 and Treg cell frequency, respectively. Th17/Treg ratio was calculated using percentage of cell numbers. Appropriate isotype controls were used to establish each positive signal. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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6

Multiparameter Analysis of Murine Tissues

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Spleen, pancreas, and thymus tissue was harvested from 10–50 wk old BL/6 and BL/6-CD3FLAGmIR mice in 5 wk increments and fixed in Z-fix (Anatech Ltd, Battle Creek, MI) or 10% formalin w/v (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) at 4°C overnight. Liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissues were isolated at 15, 25 and 35 weeks of age and prepared as immediately above. Slides were de-paraffinized and rehydrated before antigen retrieval, by microwaving in 10mM citrate buffer pH 6.0. Sections were stained overnight at 4°C with anti-FLAG FITC (1:100 Sigma, St Louis, MO), anti-CD3 APC (1:100, eBioscience, San Diego, CA), anti-insulin produced in guinea pig (1:1500, Sigma, St Louis, MO), washed and stained with secondary anti-guinea pig IgG Texas Red (1:500, Invitrogen) for 1–2 hours at room temperature. After washing, sections were mounted with DAPI-Fluoromount G (Sigma, St Louis, MO) following dehydration and imaged on a Nikon TS fluorescent microscope.
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7

Comprehensive Multiparametric Flow Cytometry

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Cell surface markers were stained with these specific antibodies: anti-CD19-PE, anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD4-PE, anti-CD8-FITC, 7-AAD, and anti-annexin-V-FITC (eBioscience); anti-CD19-APC, anti-B220-Per-cy5.5, anti-IgM-FITC, anti-AA4.1-PE, anti-CD23-eFluor647, and anti-CD8-APC (Biolegend).
For ex vivo analysis, cells were stimulated with 25 ng/mL PMA (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 g/mL ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) in the presence of 0.66 μL/mL Golgistop (BD PharMingen) for 6 h at 37 °C, 5 % CO2. Intracellular staining of IFN-γ and IL-4 was performed using Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience). Data was collected by FACS Calibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed by FlowJo software (TreeStar, Ashland, OR).
For cell quantization, blood sample (100 μL) was stained with the specific antibodies: anti-CD19-FITC, anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD4-FITC, anti-CD8-FITC, anti-CD11c-APC, anti-F4⁄80-FITC, and anti-CD11b-APC. Erythrocytes were then lysed with Cal-lyse Lysing Solution (Invitrogen). After thoroughly mixing with 100 μL of Caltag Counting Beads (Invitrogen), 10,000 beads were acquired in the FACS Calibur flow cytometer for each sample.
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8

PD-L1 Expression Analysis in Septic Mice

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Flow cytometry was performed to detect the PD-L1 expression level in the PD-L1 humanized mice after CLP surgery. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture and anticoagulated in a BD Vacutainer (BD, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, U.S.A.) 24 h after surgery. The white blood cells were stained with anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD11b-FITC, anti-Ly6C-APC, anti-Ly6G-APC, and anti-PD-L1-PE antibodies (purchased from eBioscience, San Jose, California, U.S.A.). Flow cytometry assays were performed with a FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) and the data were analyzed with FlowJo 7.6 software (Tree Star, Ashland, Oregon, U.S.A.). The level of PD-L1 expression was shown as the percentage of PD-L1-positive cells.
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9

Detecting IL-17+ CD4+ T Cells in Spleen and Lung

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To detect IL-17+/CD4+ T cells among splenic cells, the cells were incubated with 10 μg/mL brefeldin A (eBioscience) for 2 h and then stained for cell surface CD4 using a FITC-conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (eBioscience) at 4°C for 30 min. After incubation in fixation/permeabilization solution (eBioscience), the cells were stained for intracellular IL-17 using a PE-conjugated anti-IL-17 mAb (eBioscience) for 30 min and then analyzed using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences).
To detect IL-17+/CD4+ T cells in the lung tissue, lung cells were obtained according to a previously reported method [15 (link)]. Lung cells (4 × 106/mL) were washed three times in FACS buffer (PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% sodium azide), incubated with brefeldin A (10 μg/mL) for 2 h, and then stained with surface-specific mAbs (anti-CD3-APC and anti-CD4-FITC; eBioscience) for 30 min at 4°C. For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized in fixation/permeabilization solution, intracellularly stained with the PE-conjugated anti-IL-17 mAb for 30 min, and then analyzed using the FACSCalibur flow cytometer.
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10

Quantitative Analysis of Immune Cells in BAL

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BAL were obtained and analyzed one day after the last challenge (7 to 9 mice per group). One mL of PBS was instilled intra-tracheally until lungs are inflated uniformly and then slowly aspirated and centrifugated. Total cell number was determined on Kova slide® by optical microscopy. Differential cell counts are determined by flow cytometry with flow cytometer BD LSR II after staining with anti-CD3 APC, anti-CD19 PE-Cy7, FITC anti-F4/80 (eBiosciences, paris, France), anti-CCR3 PE (R&D, Lille, France), anti-PerCP-Cy5.5 Ly6G, anti-CD8 APC-H7 (BD Biosciences, Le Pont-de-Claix,France) and DAPI. Leukocyte populations were identified as neutrophils (Ly6G high), macrophages (F4/80 high DAPI mid (autofluorescence)), eosinophils (CCR3 high), B cells (CD3 négative CD19 high), T cells (CD3 high CD19 négative), and the proportion of CD8+ T cells is determined by the CD8 high population.
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