In the present study, the permutation test was used to evaluate the significance of TDMIC (Schreiber and Schmitz, 2000 (link)). The specific implementation details are consistent with those of our previous research (Liang et al., 2020 (link)). To examine the effect of muscle fatigue on the cumulated wavelet energy and MIC, paired-sample t-tests were conducted. To compare the difference in cumulated information flow in different frequency bands and directions before and after muscle fatigue, a three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) was performed with task (2 levels: pre-fatigue and post-fatigue), direction (2 levels: EEG to sEMG and sEMG to EEG), and frequency band (2 levels: beta and gamma) as the intra-subject factors, and the CTDMIC value was the dependent variable. The significance level was set to 0.05 (α = 0.05). All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS/PC version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States).
Spss pc version 20
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SPSS/PC version 20.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manipulate data, providing a range of statistical functions and tools. The software is widely used for data management, analysis, and reporting purposes in various industries and research fields.
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12 protocols using spss pc version 20
1
Evaluating Muscle Fatigue Effects on Neural Dynamics
2
Oral Health Knowledge and Demographic Factors in Nigeria
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Data management and analysis were carried out, using the statistical software SPSS-PC version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency, percentages, means, standard deviations and charts. Basic education in Nigeria consists of 9 years of study and a high school diploma is obtained after 12 years of study. Therefore we graded education in this study into three categories; persons with 9 years of education or less, those with 9-12 years of education and those with more than 12 years of education. Based on occupation, the respondents were classified as unskilled, semi-skilled, technical or skilled, professionals and management level workers.
The respondent’s level of oral health knowledge was assessed by 7 questions and each correctly answered question earned one mark giving a maximum obtainable score of 7. Scores 0-3 were graded as inadequate knowledge while scores 4 and above were graded as adequate knowledge. The Chi square test was used to determine the level of association between categorical variables while the Student’s paired t tests and Anova tests were used to compare means between groups. Pearson’s correlation was also used to determine the level of association between continuous variables. A 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance were adopted.
The respondent’s level of oral health knowledge was assessed by 7 questions and each correctly answered question earned one mark giving a maximum obtainable score of 7. Scores 0-3 were graded as inadequate knowledge while scores 4 and above were graded as adequate knowledge. The Chi square test was used to determine the level of association between categorical variables while the Student’s paired t tests and Anova tests were used to compare means between groups. Pearson’s correlation was also used to determine the level of association between continuous variables. A 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance were adopted.
3
Oral Health in Cleft Individuals
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Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS PC Version 20.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Differences in mean caries experience, plaque index and gingival index scores between those with and without clefts were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A comparison of developmental defects of enamel, oral mucosal lesions and open-bite and over-jet between those with and without clefts was assessed using chi-square tests.
4
Cleft and Dental Anomalies Analysis
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Two investigators analyzed the data blindly at the same time. Kappa score was used for inter-observer agreement. In few cases of disagreement,
the radiologist’s report was considered as the third party. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS PC version 20.0.
The differences in side of cleft and dental anomalies were compared using the Mann-Whitney Test. We considered p< 0.05 as statistically significant.
the radiologist’s report was considered as the third party. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS PC version 20.0.
The differences in side of cleft and dental anomalies were compared using the Mann-Whitney Test. We considered p< 0.05 as statistically significant.
5
Dental Caries and BMI Correlation
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The data were processed and analyzed by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) PC version 20.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistical analysis was been carried out in the present study to assess BMI. Results on continuous measurements were presented on mean ± SD (95% CI) and results on categorical measurements are presented in number (%). Chi-square test and analysis of variance had been used to find the significance of children with caries according to BMI in gender, age, SES, Simplified-Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and other covariates. Binomial regression analysis has been carried out to find the significant correlation of independents with caries.
6
Comparative ANOVA Analysis of Variables
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One-and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of the data obtained, and means were compared using Duncan's test at p < 0.05. Analysis was accomplished using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC, version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago) to understand significant differences (p < 0.05) among variables.
7
Evaluating Factors Influencing Pharmacokinetics
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Normal distribution was evaluated for metric variables by means of the Shapiro-Wilk test and presented as mean (±SD). If not, median and ranges were given. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Metric and categorical variables were evaluated between patients with and without neutropenia using the Student t-test or non-parametric test (Kruskal Wallis), respectively.
First, the influence of co-variables on CLva was determined in univariable (Pearson) analysis. Subsequently, only the significant co-variables in the univariable analyses were included in the multivariable analysis, after checking the assumptions. The Enter method was used in the multivariable linear regression. CLcr is estimated with the C&G formula which includes serum creatinine, age, weight and gender [11] (link). To avoid multicollinearity, serum creatinine, age, weight and gender were left out of the multivariable model. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS-pc version 20.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
First, the influence of co-variables on CLva was determined in univariable (Pearson) analysis. Subsequently, only the significant co-variables in the univariable analyses were included in the multivariable analysis, after checking the assumptions. The Enter method was used in the multivariable linear regression. CLcr is estimated with the C&G formula which includes serum creatinine, age, weight and gender [11] (link). To avoid multicollinearity, serum creatinine, age, weight and gender were left out of the multivariable model. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS-pc version 20.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
8
Prescription Patterns of Drugs with Anticholinergic Potential
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Data were entered into an SPSS database (Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS/PC+) version 20.0 Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Prescription forms were coded to identify (1) monotherapy with a DAP (2) monotherapy with a constipation-inducing potential drug other than anticholinergic, (3) combination therapy (combination of any of the previous two groups of medications), and (4) therapeutic class of DAP based on ATC (Anatomic, Therapeutic, and Chemical) classification. Coding was done by the first and the third author independently, and a consensus approach was used in case of discrepancy. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Continuous variable (mean age) are presented as mean (standard deviation; SD).
9
Factors Influencing Customer Orientation in Nursing
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Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC version 20.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics-Korea, Seoul, Korea). Descriptive statistics were used for scores of general characteristics, customer orientation, personal traits, emotional intelligence, internal marketing, and service management. Mean differences of customer orientation by general characteristics were analyzed by t test and analysis of variance with least significant difference of post hoc. The relationships between personal traits, emotional intelligence, internal marketing, service management and customer orientation were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the effects of individual and environmental characteristics in OPD nurses. The internal consistency reliability of the study instruments was tested by Cronbach a.
10
Lipid Profile Changes in Antipsychotic Users
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Data was analyzed using the personal computer version of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS- PC version 20). The subjects were classified according to their lipid profile status, use of antipsychotics, and sociodemographic variables. All the antipsychotics used by the index cases were converted to their CPZ equivalent doses. Noncontinuous variables were compared using Chi-square test while the t-test was used for continuous variables such as age and lipid levels.
For the individual antipsychotics the mean baseline fasting blood lipids values were compared with the respective mean endpoint values by using t-test. All tests were two-tailed with significance level set at 0.05%.
For the individual antipsychotics the mean baseline fasting blood lipids values were compared with the respective mean endpoint values by using t-test. All tests were two-tailed with significance level set at 0.05%.
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