5 6 7 13 tetrahydro 13 methyl 5 oxo 12h indolo 2 3 a pyrrolo 3 4 c carbazole 12 propanenitrile go6976

Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2-AM) and 3’,3’,3’-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [DiSC₃(5)] were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). ω-conotoxin MVIIC, rottlerin, 2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)indol-3-yl]-3-(indol-3-yl) maleimide (GF109203X), 5,6,7,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-12H-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-12-propanenitrile (Go6976) and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Echinacoside, dantrolene, dl-threo-beta-benzyl-oxyaspartate (dl-TBOA), 7-chloro-5-(2-chloropheny)-1,5-dihydro-4,1-benzothiazepin-2(3H)-one (CGP37157), 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) (PD98059), ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL; purity > 98%) was purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, Hubei, China). 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), baclofen, (3-Aminopropyl)(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP35348), bafilomycin A1, isindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), 5,6,7,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-12H-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-12-propanenitrile (Go6976), cis-N-(2-Phenylcyclopentyl)-azacyclotridec-1-en-2-amine hydrochloride (MDL12330A), gallein, and nifedipine were purchased from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK). Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2-AM) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA were purchased from Alomone lab (Jerusalem, Israel). PTX, 8-bromo-cAMP and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).