Butyraldehyde

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in India

Butyraldehyde is a colorless, flammable liquid chemical compound used in various industrial applications. It has the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CHO. Butyraldehyde is a key intermediate in the production of several other chemicals and is commonly used in the manufacturing of resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.

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Lab products found in correlation

9 protocols using butyraldehyde

Comprehensive Chemical Compound Synthesis

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The following chemicals were purchased at highest purities available from Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore, India: 2-methyltetrahydro-3-furanone, acetic acid, benzaldehyde, 1-octanol, (R)-1-octen-3-ol, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, geranyl acetate, methyl salicylate, methyl laurate, isopentyl acetate, hexanoic acid, 2-methylphenol, geosmin, butyraldehyde, 1,4-diaminobutane, phenyl acetalydehyde, phenylethylamine, pyridine, ammonia solution and mineral oil. 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company, Michigan, United States. Cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 2,3-butanedione, butyric acid, linalool, and acetophenone were purchased from Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, Bangalore, India. The compound 1-hexanol was purchased from TCI, nonanal was purchased from Acros Organics. Propionic acid was obtained as a gift from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany. Fluo-4AM was purchased from Life Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden.

Batra S., Corcoran J., Zhang D.D., Pal P., K.P. U., Kulkarni R., Löfstedt C., Sowdhamini R, & Olsson S.B. (2019). A Functional Agonist of Insect Olfactory Receptors: Behavior, Physiology and Structure. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, 134.

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Formaldehyde (37% aqueous solution), acetaldehyde
(≥99.5%), propionaldehyde (≥98.0%), benzaldehyde (≥99.5%),
butyraldehyde (≥99.5%), isobutyraldehyde (≥99.0%), valeraldehyde
(≥97.0%), isovaleraldehyde (≥97.0%), pyruvaldehyde (40%
aqueous solution), dl-lactaldehyde (≥95.0%), 2-hexanone
(≥99.5%), acetophenone (≥99.5%), butanone (≥99.9%),
2-pentanone (≥99.5%), 2-deoxy-d-ribose (≥97.0%),
2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (≥95.0%), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(97.0%), o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine
(≥99.0% hydrochloride salt), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylhydrazine
(≥97.0% dihydrochloride salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, MO). 4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid (98.0%) and 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine
(98.0%, hydrochloride salt) were purchased from Acros Organics (New
Jersey). Acetone (100%) was purchased from VMR (Fontenay-sous-Bois,
France); 3-pentanone (≥99.0%) was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
The recombinant DERA enzyme was expressed in E. coli as described below in more details. All solvents (HPLC grade) were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
The DERA substrates were prepared in 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.1),
while carbonyl compounds were in methanol and hydrazines samples were
prepared in water (HPLC grade) solution.

Thangaraj S.K., Voutilainen S., Andberg M., Koivula A., Jänis J, & Rouvinen J. (2019). Bioconjugation with Aminoalkylhydrazine for Efficient Mass Spectrometry-Based Detection of Small Carbonyl Compounds. ACS Omega, 4(8), 13447-13453.

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Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzyme Assay

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sodium salt (NAD⁺), phosphate buffer solution, β-alanine, triethanolamine, 2-mercaptoethanol, deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃) containing trimethylsilane (TMS), octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), trioctylphoshine (TOP), octanoic acid, crotonaldehyde (CA), and butyraldehyde (BA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetaldehyde (AA), n-octane, and palladium acetylacetonate were purchased from Acros Organics. (1,5-Cyclooctadiene)-dimethylplatinum(II), cadmium oxide, glycerol tributyrate (GT), and sulfur were purchased from Alfa Aesar. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt hydrate (NADH) and 2-ethylhexenal (2-EH) were purchased from TCI Chemicals. Butanol (BuOH), 2-propanol, acetone, dextrose, and toluene were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Yeast nitrogen base (w/o amino acids and ammonium sulfate) was purchased from Beckton, Dickinson, and Company. Active dry yeast was purchased from ACH Food Companies, Inc. Ethanol (EtOH) was purchased from Decon Laboratories, Inc. Deuterium oxide (D₂O) and sodium 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.

Hafenstine G.R., Harris A.W., Ma K., Cha J.N, & Goodwin A.P. (2017). Conversion of Ethanol to 2-Ethylhexenal at Ambient Conditions Using Tandem, Biphasic Catalysis. ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 5(11), 10483-10489.

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Biocompatible Organic Synthesis Protocols

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Unless otherwise noted, all chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and used as received from commercial sources. Butyraldehyde, β-alanine, and glycine were from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexanal was supplied by Chem Impex. Propionaldehyde and 6-aminocaproic acid were supplied by TCI. Proline, 5-aminovaleric acid, and lysine were supplied by Acros. Glycerol tributyrate was supplied by Alfa Aesar, and 4-aminobutyric acid was supplied by Oakwood Chemicals. Water (dd-H₂O) used in biological procedures or as a reaction solvent was deionized using a Milli-Q Advantage A-10 water purification system (MilliPore, USA). ¹H NMR spectra were acquired with a 400 MHz Bruker AV-III spectrometer with a Sample Xpress Automatic Sample Changer. Spectra acquired in CDCl₃ were referenced to residual CHCl₃ (7.27 ppm). Spectra were analyzed with MestreNova 8.1.4. UV-Vis spectra were acquired on a DU 730 spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) with quartz cuvettes. Centrifugations were carried out in an X-22R benchtop centrifuge (Beckman Coulter, USA). E. coli (ATCC 25922) was used as a cell model for establishing biocompatibility of reaction conditions.

Domaille D.W., Hafenstine G.R., Greer M.A., Goodwin A.P, & Cha J.N. (2016). Catalytic Upgrading in Bacteria-Compatible Conditions via a Biocompatible Aldol Condensation. ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 4(3), 671-675.

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Quantification of Protein Carbonylation

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S0 was purchased from Amersham Biosciences. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥ 99.9%), tert‑butyl carbazate (≥98.0%), hydrazine hydrate (80%), 1, 1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, ≥97.0%), 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 5% (w/v) in H₂O), phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetaldehyde (99.5%), butyraldehyde (99%), butanone (99.7%), hexaldehyde (98%), 2-hexanone (98%) and ibuprofen (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Benzaldehyde (99.9%) and acetone (99%) were commercially obtained from Fisher Scientific. All chemicals were used directly without further purification.

Li Z., Feng X., Luo S., Ding Y., Zhang Z., Shang Y., Lei D., Cai J., Zhao J., Zheng L, & Gao M. (2023). High drug loading hydrophobic cross-linked dextran microspheres as novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18(4), 100830.

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Quantification of Carbonyl Compounds

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Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q
water purification system (Millipore). Furfural (99%), 5-hydroxymethylFurfural
(99%), benzaldehyde (99%), 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (99%), vanillin
(99%), acetonitrile (≥99%), butyraldehyde (98%), pentaldehyde
(98%), methanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl, 35%), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(DNPH, 97%), sodium hydroxide (97%), 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole
(Purpald, 99%), sodium periodate (98%), formaldehyde (37 wt % in H₂O purity), deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9 atom %),
dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.8 atom %), and chloroform-d (99.8 atom %)
were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All chemicals were
used without further treatment.

Park H., Kim E., Jun T., Pyo S.H, & Kim S.H. (2024). Colorimetric Detection of Furfural with Enhanced Visible Absorption of Furfural-DNPH in Basic Conditions. ACS Omega, 9(2), 2519-2527.

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Synthesis of Rare-Earth Metal Catalysts

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Commercially available chemicals were used for syntheses as follows: cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.99%, zirconium(IV) oxynitrate hydrate 99%, lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.99%, praseodymium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.9%, europium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.9%, gadolinium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.9% from Sigma Aldrich, Germany; yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate 99.9% from Alfa Aesar, Germany; concentrated ammonia solution 25% from Gram-Mol, Croatia; citric acid monohydrate 99.9% from T.T.T., Croatia. To perform the catalytic reactions the analytical grade products acetaldehyde (97%), propionaldehyde (97%), butyraldehyde (97%), benzaldehyde (97%), furfural (97%), vanillin (94%), acetonitrile (99%), benzoic acid (98%), 1,2-dichloromethane (99%), 2-methylhydrofuran (99%), heptane (99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99%), ethyl-acetate (EtOAc) (99%), and EtOH (96%) from Sigma-Aldrich were applied without further purification.

Tatar D., Kojčinović J., Marković B., Széchenyi A., Miletić A., Nagy S.B., Ziegenheim S., Szenti I., Sapi A., Kukovecz Á., Dinjar K., Tang Y., Stenzel D., Varga G, & Djerdj I. (2021). Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ceria-Zirconia-Based High-Entropy Oxides as High-Promotion Catalysts for the Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones from Aldehyde. Molecules, 26(20), 6115.

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ADH Activity Assay Protocol

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The assay for the determination of the ADH activity was performed in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing butyraldehyde (10 mM, Sigma-Aldrich) and NADH (0.4 mM, Roth) for reduction or 50 mM TRIS–HCl pH 9.0 with 1-butanol (10 mM, Sigma-Aldrich) and NAD⁺ (1 mM, Roth) for oxidation. The reaction was started by the addition of the enzyme solution and monitored for a minimum 2.5 min at 340 nm, 30 °C. The change in absorbance was then converted to oxidized NADH or reduced NAD⁺ concentration using the Beer–Lambert equation (ε = 6200 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for NADH). One Unit (1 U) of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to oxidize 1 µmol NADH to NAD⁺ or reduce 1 μmol NAD⁺ to NADH per min at 30 °C, pH 7.5 or 9.0.

Rauter M., Kasprzak J., Becker K., Riechen J., Worch S., Hartmann A., Mascher M., Scholz U., Baronian K., Bode R., Schauer F., Matthias Vorbrodt H, & Kunze G. (2016). Aadh2p: an Arxula adeninivorans alcohol dehydrogenase involved in the first step of the 1-butanol degradation pathway. Microbial Cell Factories, 15, 175.

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Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds

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The starting materials such as resorcinol, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethanol, methanol, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and HiMedia chemical company. In the experimental section analytical grade (AR) reagents and solvents can be used without further puri cation. All the solvents and double distilled water used throughout the experimental work.

Sathiyaseelan K., Antony Muthu Prabhu A, & Rajendiran N. (2024). Photophysical, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and NBO, LOL, ELF Analysis of Alkyl Groups Substituted Calix[4]resorcinarenes. Journal of fluorescence, 34(2).

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