Isovitexin

Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC–MS), formic acid (for LC–MS) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Merck, Bulgaria). The reference standards used for compound identification were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) for p-coumaric, o-coumaric, ferulic acids, saponarin, homoorientin, orientin, rutin, isovitexin, isoquercitrin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, quercetin, and apigenin. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were supplied from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Bavaria, Germany).

Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, aluminium chloride, sodium acetate, and rutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Flavonoid references used for HPLC-DAD analysis (saponarin—purity ≥ 98%, isoorientin—purity ≥ 99%, and isovitexin—purity ≥ 99%) were obtained from Extrasynthèse (Lyon, France). Human cancerous cell lines (HeLa, A549) and human healthy cell line (WI-38) were obtained from the Laboratory of Medical Chemistry (GIGA Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium). All reagents used for cell culture assays were purchased from Bio-Whittaker-Lonza (Verviers, Belgium). Cell proliferation reagent (WST-1) was purchased from Roche (Bâle, Switzerland). Reagents for antioxidant assays were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).

N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylene-diamine dihydrochloride, methanol and acetonitrile were from Merck. 5-LOX from Glycine max (Type V; EC 1.13.11.12), linoleic acid, diacetyl monoxime, antipyrine, quercetin, sulphanilamide, sodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), LPS from Escherichia coli, N-[naphth-1-yl]ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), l-arginine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (SNP) was acquired from Riedel-de Haën (St. Louis, MO, USA). The water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Formic acid was acquired from Labkem (Barcelona, Spain). Murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (LGC Standards S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium with GlutaMAX™ supplement (DMEM + GlutaMAX), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin solution were obtained from GIBCO, Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY, USA). 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were obtained from Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Catechin, epiCatechin, vitexin, and isovitexin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Vicenin-2 was obtained from HWI Analytik GMBH (Rülzheim, Germany).